Gunshot Residue Aanalysis Essay Example for Free

Gunshot Residue A synopsis EssayWhen a firearm is discharged, residues from the bullets force, the primer, cartridge case, firearm itself and the powder from the propellant are expelled from gaps in the guns working parts (Pepper, 2005 118). These particles are known as gunshot residue (galvanic skin response) or firearm discharge residue (FDR) and are represent of partially burn down and un-burnt propellant powder, particles from the ammunition primer, smoke, lubri tooshiets, grease and coats from the cartridge. GSRs are mainly deposited on skin, the hand in which the weapon was fired, on clothing, the entrance wound of dupe or whatsoever other local target materials present at the crime scene. The major primer elements are lead (Pb), barium (Ba) and antimony (Sb) normally all three elements are present on the hand after firing. Less common elements include aluminium, zinc, copper, silicon and potassium. Organic and inorganic compounds are besides present in GSRs. Organi c compounds are found in propellant powder and primer mixtures whereas inorganic compounds derive from primer mixtures.GSR particles are formed when the pin strikes, the primer cap and mixture is ignited creating high levels of temperature and pressure within the cartridge. The increase of temperature melts the primer mixture and the three elements are produced by vaporisation. As the primer mix ignites the propellant powder, an increase in pressure and temperature occurs and the bullet is released from the firearm barrel. The particles involved in this process form as crystalline droplets which instantly solidify due to the quick increase of temperature followed by instant cooling. The discharge of firearm can deposit residues on all persons present and not just the person that fired the gun, the analysis as to who fired the weapon must be made with precaution because any hand or frame part that was close to the fired weapon may assume residue reckoning consistent with having f ired the weapon. The cartridge case, bullet and bullet coating defend specific elements that can also be detected such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). in that location are three classifications of GSR particles which take on characteristic morphologies of GSR, regular spheroids, irregular particles and particles that form a layer of lead surrounding an inner core. The collection of GSR should be carried out instantly because GSR turn up can easily be destroyed just by washing your hands and once examined it is generally spherical in shape. Strong significant value of all three elements must be found by specialised equipment to confirm a gun had been fired by specific suspect(s). electron microscope (EM) is a type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons to create an image of the specimen universe analysed, it is capable of much higher magnifications and is able to see much littler objects in detail. They are large, expensive pieces of equipment, and require a lot of skill and t raining to operate EM. All electron microscopes use electrocharismatic and electrostatic lenses to lead the path of electrons.The design of an electromagnetic lens is a coil of wire around the outside of a tube through with(predicate) which one can unfold a current, creating an electromagnetic field. The electron beam passes through the centre of the coil of wire and down the column of the EM towards the taste. Electrons are very sensitive to magnetic fields and are controlled by changing the current through the lenses. There are two types of EM, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy involves a high voltage electron beam emitted by a cathode and formed by magnetic lenses. The electron beam that has been partially transmitted through the thin specimen carries information about the structure of the specimen.This information is then magnified by a chain of magnetic lenses until it is recorded by contact a fl uorescent screen, photographic plate, or light sensitive sensor such as a camera. The image detected is displayed on a computer.SEM is a technique that uses a beam of electrons to produce magnified images of attempt by detecting secondary electrons which are emitted from the surface due to excitation by a primary electron beam. The electron beam is scanned across the surface of the sample with detectors building up an image by mapping the detected signals.The beam that impacts with the sample produces 3-dimensional (3D) images of the surfaces at high levels of magnification. SEM can also reveal the actual surface details of the particles with known examples of GSR, the large particles of partially burnt powder and spheres of residues analysed can appear to be from contaminated materials and not just from the specimen. In SEM, backscattered electrons (BSE) form due to collisions between incoming electron and the nucleus of the target atom where electrons are being knocked off. BSE a re used to detect contrast between areas with different chemical compositions where heavy metal elements appear brighter in the images formed and lighter metal elements appear darker. SEM has the ability to be coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) to provide information about the elemental composition of the sample being analysed.To date the most successful technique is SEM/EDX, which concentrates on the inorganic particles of GSR. This technique not only allows much of the elemental composition of individual particles to be produced but to also enable images that show morphology and the characteristics of GSR (Jackson et al, 2011 317) . This is important because these two techniques allow GSR particles to be uniquely identified and the discovery of a suspect may appear to be guilty of a crime. Particles will either be identified as possibly being GSR or shown not to have fired the weapon. The advantage of using this technique has the ability to analyse indi vidual particles of GSR typically the three elements lead, barium and antimony can be identified easily using this technique.(Jackson et al, 2011 315) The EDX technique detects x-rays emitted from the sample during bombardment by an electron beam to characterize the elemental composition of the analysis, features as abject as 1 m or less can be analysed. When the sample is bombarded by the SEMs electron beam, electrons are knocked off from the atoms to the samples surface.The electrons from the ground state are filled by electrons from a higher state which creates an electron hole so that an x-ray is emitted to balance the energy difference between the two electron states. The number and energy of the x-rays emitted from a specimen can be measured by an energy dispersive spectrometer this gives information direct to the energy difference. The data can be interpreted in various forms from its composition to the x-ray spectrum. SEM/EDX cannot determine whether a person discharged a weapon on any occasion.Thedisadvantages of using this technique are that its cost effective, limited availability and a significant amount of training is required to operate the machine as its considered to be a specialised piece of equipment ( doorbell, 2006 447). SEM examines specific particulates under high magnification whereas EDX allows elemental analysis of samples. SEM/EDX is the preferred method of GSR analysis as it shows in current study that the use of this technique has increased from 21% to 26% (Ronald et al, 1996 195) this shows how reliable and accurate it is to use.Positive results are always produced and when providing evidence in court it is less frequently challenged by the judge. Over 72% of laboratories that analyse GSR use SEM/EDX and search more than 50% of the stub this is composed of aluminium and is an electrically charged conducting tab which is directly placed into the SEM/EDX machine without sample pre-treatment (Ronald et al, 1996 197) to start the ana lysis.EDX extends the usefulness of SEM in that elemental analysis which can be performed within regions as small as a few cubic micrometres. All elements from the periodic table can be detected with this type of method.There are many other methods that have been applied to identify both organic and inorganic GSR analysis but it depends on which method you use. metre of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), x-ray micro-fluorescence, colour/spot testing, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), neutron activation analysis (NAA), gas chromatography (GC) and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). TOF-SIMS was determined to have many advantages over SEM/EDX but because of its lack of high resolution imaging it could not reach its level of expectation. TOF-SIMS analyses smokeless black powders because of the high vacuum conditions privileged the instrument but was reported to be unsuitable for volatile components such as nitro-glycerine (NG), which is a liquid substance made from glycerol, nitric and sulphuric acid.(Oliver et al, 2010)ReferencesBooks1. Suzanne Bell (2006). Forensic Chemistry. USA Pearson Education Inc. 447. 2. Andrew R.W Jackson and Julie M. Jackson (2011). Forensic Science. 3rd ed. London Pearson Education Inc. 311-317. 3. Ian K. Pepper (2005). Crime Scene Investigation Methods and Procedures. 2nd ed. get together Kingdom McGraw-Hill Company. 118. Journals4. Ronald L. Singer, 1 M.S. Dusty Davis, 2 B.S. and Max M. Houck, 3 M.A. (1996). Journal of Forensic Science. A Survey of Gunshot Residue Analysis Methods. 41 (2), 195-198. 5. Oliver Dalby, B.Sc, David Butler, disseminated sclerosis and Jason W. Birkett Ph.D. (2010). Analysis of Gunshot Residue and Associated Materials-A Review. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 55 (4), 924-926 930-931.Websites6. http//www.jic.ac.uk/microscopy/intro_em.html accessed Thursday 13th December 2012 at 11.12pm 7. http//mee-inc.com/eds.html accessed Wednesday 19th December 2012 at 3.09pm

Jasper Jones Essay Example for Free

Jasper Jones EssayValues excite been endorsed and challenged throughout the novel Jasper Jones indite by Craig Silvey. The novel Jasper Jones was about a young, shy boy named Carlie who was confronted by an older, confident boy named Jasper Jones who needed his help. As Charlie says yes they set off into the night to where Jasper shows Charlie a young girl, Eliza Wishart, who has been beaten and hung. Throughout the novel they attempt to find out who has done this horrible act to Eliza. The values of equality and coming of age have been both endorsed and challenged. Values of equality, intelligence and acceptance of individuality have been both endorsed and challenged. The value of equality were endorsed through Jasper and Jeffery Lu who have experienced discrimination imputable to their differences.The values of intelligence and acceptance of individuality were both present through Charlies allusion and his differences. The value of equality being present within the character of Jeffery Lu was evident due to his characterisation. As he was a Japanese boy who lived in Australia during the time when there was large conflict between the Japanese and Australians. In the novel Jasper Jones you see Jeffery and the Lu family to be the recipient between of many racist acts towards them. Jefferys parents are Vietnamese, so hes ruthlessly bullied and belt about by the boys at school. Through the characterisation of Jeffery it represents the way how Jeffery is being treated because of his differences, however he portrayed Jeffery to be a very cuddly character in the novel. By doing this the readers like the character of Jeffery and reject the actions and discrimination that has been done upon him so they accept the value of equality.As Jeffery is represented to be unflappable which is portraying that all of the outcasts in the world to be strong and Silvey is depicting small Australian townspeoples to be non-accepting of others with differences in race/ The rea ders are then gainsay the values of the town and endorsing the values of equality. Jasper Jones has been shown by author Silvey to present the value of freedom. In the town of Corrigan Jasper is seen by the public to be a menace. All of the townspeople think that he is no good to society. With Jasper Jones you see the towns people duality as they go around blaming everything that goes wrong in the town on him but cheer and shout his name out on the football field.

Managing change in organizations assignment

Managing substitute in validations assignmentIntroduction of change through systemsFollowing is the example of change at my workplace. I worked in an NGO (non profit organisation) .Things are smooth before the introduction of computers. As most of the work done is on books and register which non nevertheless take too much time but there is withal the chances of error. We often got complaints from Auditors that our system is not right and there are many mistakes and hand-build holes in it. Therefore our top charge decided to introduce the computers in the organisation. As this is big organisation and also funded by government. It has many departments in it. almost of people dont know how to use computers. They resist the change. So we have to look at different systems to make this happen. This is the big change in the system and we also have to keep in mind reactions of different stakeholders.Importance of stakeholdersStakeholders are people who have some form of interest in t he change, whether they are the targets of the change, managers or other interested parties. They can be anybody like directors, shareholders or even creditors.A lack of stakeholder management is one of the key reasons why change projects fail, so understanding them and ensuring they are addressed in all plans and activities is a critical activity.Qualities for a successful systemFollowing are the qualities of the successful system.1. Leadership The leading team is aligned with the barter direction and engaged in driving behaviours and practices to achieve change.2. Culture The work climate and the employee values and behaviours adapt to new business situations and encourage excellent performance.3. Commitment Employees throughout the organisation are leave aloneing to embrace new ways to think, behave, and perform.4. Capabilities Employees at all levels develop and share the skills and fellowship to perform in new ways.5. Structure Organisational structures including roles , responsibilities, and relationships are designed to support organisational agility and performance.6. Communication Employees at all levels share information in a timely manner.7. Performance Processes, incentives, and management practices recognise, reward, and reinforce the achievement of goals.System modellingSystem modelling shows how the system should be working. Use this technique to examine how different components work together to produce a particular outcome.By diagramming the linkages between each system activity, system modelling makes it easier to understand the relationships among various activities and the mend of each on the others. It shows the bringes as part of a larger system whose objective is to serve a specific client need.System modelling uses iii elements inputs, processes, and outcomes.Inputs are the resources used to carry out the activities (processes).Processes are the activities and tasks that turn the inputs into products and services.Outcomes a re the results of processes. Outcomes generally remark to the direct outputs generated by a process, and may sometimes refer to the to a greater extent indirect effects on the procedure and the still more indirect impacts on the wider community. referee Quality Assurance Tools and Methods websiteTherefore we develop quadruplet systems through which we are going to implement the change.Change through Mutual understandingWe can use collaborative system for this because its suits our organisation. We have different module in different cities. Like the larger family of distributed applications, collaborative systems are distinguished by the fact that the agents in the system are working together towards a common goal and have a critical need to interact meanly with each other, sharing information, exchanging requests with each other, and checking in with each other on their status. The problem with collaboration is that it takes time and effort. When speed is important and resource s are limited on the ground, then investing in collaborative efforts can seem wasteful.consultatory systemFurther, the system captures users feedback, which can be verbal requirement, facial expression, and keyboard input. Then the system analyzes users response, compares to predetermined goals or experts requirement, and provides user advices in various desired formats. deal must be taken during consultation to ensure that people know the process, and that they perceive it to be fair. As you move away from collaboration, greater trust is need of the decision-makers and thus more trust-building activities may be required.Ref http//www.freshpatents.com/Consultative-system-dt20070104ptan20070003914.phpBureaucratic systemPreviously a bureaucratic approach is used in all the decision. The formation is told how it will go to work. This is thus using the principle of push to drive through change. The problem with this is that there is often a fear that there will be greater resistance to change if people know what is going to happen. Resistance comes particularly from those who hold power.To help reduce the problem of resistance, very high school levels of communication may be required.Coercive systemA coercive approach is also in the list as it pays little attention to the people, their ideas or their needs. Changes are implemented in a relatively mechanical way. Typical of a coercive approach is the shock and surprise that people encounter as change is thrust upon them. Not all coercive approaches are unethical and some are simply born of the need for urgency. Ethics lie in the values of the people who are planning and implementing the change, rather than the fact that a coercive approach is being used.Analyse and evaluate these systemsCollaborationA collaborative approaches are particularly important when you have a high level of professionally qualified people like in our organisation almost 50% of people are highly qualified and rest are qualified by experi ence .ConsultationConsultation is, in many ways, a watered-down adjustment of collaboration. The views of people are elicited, which does take some time e.g. achieving an stick outable decision with a lot of people is often very time-consuming.DirectionUnder directing system a flip over from pull to push required and you thus need the power to be able to make this work, particularly get people all going in the same direction rather than scattering as they run away from the push.Direction thus needs to be done firmly and quickly e.g. every body know how to do and when to do it and have proper resources to do that and also suits situations where time is of the essence.CoercionAs discussed earlier it an aggressive way to implement change , coercive suit only those situations where you need people to move particularly fast or where forgiving relations have broken down to the point where nobody listens to anyone else and the only option is force. Of course this is not a desirable op tion, but when the alternative is summation failure, it may be the best (or only) choice of action.Ways of implementing the change1) Developmental ChangeDevelopmental change occurs when a company makes an improvement to their current business. If a company decided to improve their processes, methods or performance standards this would be considered developmental change. This type of change should cause little stress to current employees as massive as the rationale for the new process is clearly conveyed and the employees are educated on the new techniques. When major change such as the decision to close a division, if the company attempted to implement developmental change as the first step in streamlining the business, employees may be more likely to accept the change. The employees could see that the company attempted different strategies before determining that closing the division was the only option.Ref http//businessmanagement.suite101.com/article.cfm/types_of_changeixzz0MV6 7BmVaTransitional ChangeTransitional change is more intrusive than developmental change as it replaces existing processes or procedures with something that is completely new to the company. The period when the old process is being dismantled and the new process is being implemented is called the transitional phase. A corporate reorganization, merger, acquisition, creating new products or services, and implementing new technology are examples of transitional change. Transitional change may not require a significant shift in culture or behaviour but it is more challenging to implement than developmental change. The future of the organization is unknown when the changeation begins which can add a level or discomfort to employees.Ref http//businessmanagement.suite101.com/article.cfm/types_of_changeixzz0MV6MZhVUTransformational ChangeTransformational change occurs after the transition period. Transformational change may involve both developmental and transitional change. It is common fo r transitional and transformation change to occur in tandem. When companies are faced with the emergence of radically different technologies, significant changes in supply and demand, unexpected competition, lack of revenue or other major shifts in how they do business, developmental or transitional change may not offer the company the solution they need to stay competitive. Instead of methodically implementing new processes, the company may be forces to drastically transform themselves.Ref http//businessmanagement.suite101.com/article.cfm/types_of_changeixzz0MV6QbmZRAnalysis of ChangesArticulating the reasons for the change and sharing the vision of the senior leaders of the organization can help alleviate some of the resistance to change. Employees will naturally resist change but are more likely to accept the change if they view top management as keeping them informed and supporting(a) them throughout the process. Employees will look for a rationale for the implementation of th is major change. Top management should be prepared to involve employees in all phases of the transition.Ref http//businessmanagement.suite101.com/article.cfm/types_of_changeixzz0MV74bIUmConclusionAny change requires a typically set up through a series of regular and formal meetings at all levels of management through the organization.

Kleins Theory Of The Paranoid Schizoid Position

Kleins Theory Of The Paranoid Schizoid PositionThrough this essay, I am spill to discuss Melanie Kleins theory of the Paranoid-Schizoid position, referring to some of the defence mechanisms which the babe uses. I will also illustrate how parts of the Paranoid-Schizoid position are conveyed through Ridley Scotts film, Alien (1979).Melanie Klein relyd the offset printing object which the infant relates to in the external world is its develop. During the Paranoid-Schizoid position, the infant sees objects more or less it as each unattackable or grown, according to its experiences with them. The objects are felt to be loving and good when the infants wishes are gratified, leaving them feeling happy and satisfied. Conversely, objects are seen as bad when the infants wishes are not met adequately and thus frustration prevails.At the beginning of life, the infant does not have a perceptual image of its mother, yet sees her in part-objects the most important part-object macrocosm the pectus. Klein referred to the good breast, which represents the good mother who feeds the infant on demand and gives them attention, and the bad breast, representing the bad mother who says no or who is absent when the infant wants something. The infant therefore believes they have two assorted mothers because they cannot yet tolerate the idea of loving and hating the same object Klein termed this process split. The infants ego splits due to the anxiety it experiences caused by its paranoid fear of annihilation by the bad breast. The splitting process also prevents the bad breast from destroying the good breast because the infant hold offs them separated from one another. Thus, the mother must be either good or bad and the feeling directed towards her must be either love or hate the two cannot yet coincide.The film, Alien, clearly portrays this splitting progress. At the beginning of the film, the alien attaches itself, breast-like, onto Kanes face, and breathes for him in order to keep him alive. In Kleins theory, aggression is directed towards the bad breast due to persecutory fears they believe the bad breast wants to destroy them. Similarly, in Alien, the creature is seen as frightening and harmful, representing the bad breast which the infant has a desire to destroy. However, the creature also represents the good breast, because it is keeping Kane alive.The infants fervent fears of annihilation cause the ego to develop defence mechanisms, which aim to protect the infant from the bad breast, yet also give them control over the good and bad breast, making sure they are kept separate from one another. The schizoid response to this anxiety is to project and introject the good and bad breast. forcing out allows the infant to project their bad qualities outwards, into the bad breast, such as feelings of aggression, hate and envy. An example of projection in Alien can be seen at the dismiss of the film when Ellen blasts the alien out into space she is ridding herself of the bad object and thus destroying it through projection.The infant also uses introjection to bring the good objects from the good breast inner them. They can then control the good objects through phantasising that the good objects are inside them. The infant thus wants to introject the good breast and project the bad breast, allowing them to make a clear distinction between the good objects, which are now inside them, and the bad objects, which have been split from them.Anal aggression is a further defence mechanism used by the infant to gain a sense of control. Since their anxiety is caused by the threatening bad breast, the infant believes they accept to defend themselves using destruction and aggression. The infant does this by entering inside their mother through phantasy to see what harmful objects are within her. They believe there to be stool, their fathers penis, and other babies inside her and consequently want to rid the mother of these bad object s. They also have the desire to put their own faeces inside their mother, since this gives them a feeling of control. The infant succeeds in this process through unconscious phantasy they take control by sucking dry, biting up, scooping out, and inebriatebing the mothers soundbox of all its contentparticularly her babiesand expel dangerous substances out of the self and into the mother. The infant thus reduces their feelings of anxiety through aggression, projection and introjection.However, since the infant wants to destroy these objects inside the mother and rob her of them, they automatically feel anxiety that their mother will equally want to retaliate and attack them too. Klein writes, In his destructive phantasies he bites and tears up the breast, devours it, annihilates it and he feels that the breast will attack him in the same way.Thus, by projecting their bad qualities onto their mother, and through anal aggression, the defence mechanisms rebound, since anxiety and fears of persecution are experienced again. These phantasies of assail the mother can be seen through Alien when the crew are trying to destroy the creature, which they hate and fear. They project their aggression and hatred onto the creature, which inevitably leaves them accept that the creature is determined to destroy them, along with the disloyal Mother (the spaceships computer). The crew thus want to destroy the creature, whilst at the same time they are being pursued by it.Hanna Segal also notes that there are times when the good object is projected, so it can be kept safe from an overpowering severeness which is felt inside. Similarly, bad objects can be introjected and identified with in an attempt to gain control over them. This is because during feelings of anxiety, projection and introjection are used to keep persecutory and ideal objects as distant from each other as possible, whilst still maintaining control of them both. In Alien, during the scene when the crew are all e ating around the table, and the creature has appeared to release itself from Kane, he is then literally destroyed from within as the alien rips through his chest. In relating this scene to the Paranoid-Schizoid position, Kane introjected the bad persecutory object, with the unconscious phantasy of gaining control over it. The bad object (the creature) is then re-projected when it rips through Kanes chest. Thus, the creature is again the source of persecutory anxiety because it escapes. It thus becomes evident that although defence mechanisms initially protect the individual from harm and anxiety, they practically rebound, creating further feelings of fear and anxiety.I am now going to discuss the force which is behind the feeling of aggression. Klein is often claiming that the infant has an innate drive to destroy everything that is good. However, David Hiles suggests that this is simply a misunderstanding of the mechanism of envy. Thus, envy is the force which leads to such hatred of an external object, inevitably causation aggression. This envy is a result of the infants ego experiencing a denial of something they want or need. For example, the mother may be possessing yet keep back something which the infant desires, such as the infant wanting to be fed, or to be given attention. Envy is therefore the feeling of conflict that what one desires, and would normally be forthcoming, but is being withheld. The envious impulse within the infant encourages them to attack the very source which they originally relied upon for what was desired. Melanie Klein believed the breast to be the first object envied by the infant. Thus, withholding the breast, which the infant trusts to contain goodness, causes the infant to respond aggressively, often biting the mother physically, or attacking her through phantasy.However, if a nurturing and loving environment is provided by the mother, and if the Paranoid-Schizoid arcdegree is tolerated and worked through, then normal de velopment will often follow. Excessive envy can lead to a weakened ego, also triggering an intense feeling of guilt. The infant realises that they are destroying the primary good object which is providing them with goodness through their envious attacks. Thus, they are gradually enter the Depressive Position, and slowly begin to realise that the mother is a whole object, and that they love and hate the same object.To conclude, the conflict between love and hate, and experiencing envy, is necessary for the personality to develop, along with the strengthening of the ego. The way in which the infant is brought up and cared for also contributes to the infants happiness and development, careing to reduce their feelings of anxiety and fears of persecution. Klein says that Persecutory anxiety is to some extent counteracted by the infants relation to the good breastthe gratification and love which the infant experiences help to counteract persecutory anxiety. Thus, the relationship which t he infant has with the good breast eventually reduces anxiety and the fear of persecution. Trust is also established with the good object as the infant gradually realises that the mother is a whole object. The nature of the relationship between the mother and the infant has a great influence upon the infants future relationships with others and upon their social pose in general.Word count- 1,540

Review Of The Catwoman Movie Film Studies Essay

Review Of The Catwoman Movie Film Studies Es hypothesizeWarner Brothers Entertainment Inc. is the speculativegest Ameri idler get hold of and television production company. They produce spacious amounts of characterizations in all genres with big cyphers. The company had reached big successes since its founding year in 1903. In the past much than a hundred year its productions reliable many awards from different foundations. on the button the award received catchs non only positive recognitions exclusively also negative ones.How is it possible that a huge company like this nocks mistakes that can calculate to a big(p) reputation? What can be the mistakes they make? How do these mistakes affect the future of the staff of the company, the directors, the actors and the company itself?I would like to find the answers for these questions finished a word picture failure that was the biggest flop in the decade. I will examine as many aspects as possible that can lead a pho tograph that is so eagerly awaited to a huge failure. To examine the aspects I will introduce you to the unsuccessful story of the 2004 movie Catwoman.2. Who is the Catwoman?Catwoman, namely Selina Kyle has been set forth as the ultimate fantasy character who is a defender of the underdog who is non above the law when it comes to her sustain desires. She is not an ordinary woman due to her puissant strength. She is sleek, mysterious and thanks to the leather-clad, whip-wielding costume, ultra sexy. (Bowes, 2004)2.1 History of catwomanThere are many versions of the origin of Catwoman and impale-story seen in mirthful books over the decades but it can uncomplicated be attached to the to the Batman Universe series as the most popular fe priapic character of the story.Batmans creator, Bob Kane was a great movie fan and his love for film provided the impetus for several Batman characters, among them, Catwoman. He wanted to attach a female character into the comic books to give the m a sex suppli toss and someone who could appeal to female enterers as a female Batman.I felt that women were feline creatures and men were more like dogs. While dogs are faithful and friendly, cats are cool, detached, and unreliable. I felt much warmer with dogs around me-cats are as hard to understand as women are. Men feel surer of themselves with a male friend than a woman. You always need to keep women at arms length. We dont want anyone taking over our souls, and women deplete a habit of doing that. So theres a love-resentment affair with women. I guess women will feel that Im being chauvinistic to speak this way, but I do feel that Ive had better relationships with male friends than women. With women, once the romance is over, in some way they never remain my friends.Kane 1989, pp. 107-108That catwoman character appeared in huge numbers of cartoons over the decades. After it became really popular in this kind of media, others started to use it as their superhero. In 196 6 catwoman appeared in the Batman television series then more than twenty historic period later in the success movie Batman Returns.In Batman Returns Selina Kyle is played by Michelle Pfeiffer. present she is depicted as the lonely, frustrated, yet dutiful and efficient secretary of corrupt tycoon Max Shreck. After she accidentally discovers his plot to build a big businessman plant that would steal Gothams electri city, Shreck pushes her out the window of his top story officeiness. Selina is resurrected by a group of cats after her death and she is given powerful strength and characteristics of cats. She goes al-Qaida and makes her cat costume herself and goes after her murderer. She also starts a romance with Batman and joins him in the chase of the flagitious head of the company. (IMDb)Batman Returns was first showed in 1992 and it received 6.9/10 stars with 80,751 votes on IMDb international movie database. This means that the movie was mainly liked by the public and tyr os. On its opening day on June 19 the movie make $45.69 million which was the highest opening weekend of any movie released up to that point. The movie went to total of $266.83 million all together. It was the third highest grossing film in America of 1992 and the 6th worldwide. It received 14 nominations and 2 winner awards from 7 different institutions including the award by princely Raspberry for Danny DeVito as worst supporting actor nominee.In 2004 another movie was released. This was the first catwoman release which stars the catwoman character as the main character which the movie is some.3. Catwoman 2004 The MovieCatwoman is the story of shy, sensitive artist Patience Philips (Halle Berry), a woman who cant seem to stop apologizing for her own existence. She works as a graphic designer for Hedare Beauty, a mammoth cosmetics company on the verge of releasing a revolutionary anti-aging product. When Patience inadvertently happens upon a dark secret her employer is hiding, s he finds herself in the middle of a corporate conspiracy. What happens next changes Patience forever. In a mystical twist of fate, she is transformed into a woman with the strength, speed, agility and ultra-keen senses of a cat. With her newfound prowess and feline intuition, Patience becomes Catwoman, a sleek and concealed creature balancing on the thin line between good and bad. Like any wildcat, shes dangerous, elusive and untamed. (IMDb) She opens a box from her closet with an ultra riled skin showing leather costume. Her adventures are complicated by a burgeoning relationship with Tom Lone, a cop who has fallen for Patience but cannot call forth his fascination with the mysterious Catwoman. The things around catwoman do not go easy as she is attached to many offenses happening in the city. However the only crime she is guilty of is breaking into a jewelry store and stealing jewels. Later she returns these and says sorry. Unfortunately, the city believes that this new creatur e is evil and causes most of the crimes happening in their city lately. Tom Lone tries to stop her but he does not know that Patience who he is al show upy starting a relationship with is the same(p) lady who he is trying to put behind bars.Reading the plots of Batman Returns and Catwoman a lot of similarities can be noticed. Actually the both stories of becoming catwomen are perfectly same as both ladies die by an evil company president and are resurrected as catwomen after their deaths. Selina is more focused on saving the complimentary but Patience is not soundless clear somewhat her purpose and she some bad things before realizing her real purpose. Still the biggest difference is the stories are the greatness of the characters. Patience is the only main character who is the whole story somewhat bandage Batman and Selina are sharing this spot.The movie was release on 23 July, 2004 in the United States but not charge the Oscar-winner Halle Berry warmed the critics to the f ilm. It was released some weeks after Spider-Man 2, Catwoman paled in comparison with that comic book adventure, which broke box office records. It is difficult to watch Catwoman prowling over city roofs without thinking Spiderman did the same trick with so much energy some weeks before. (Bowes, 2004)This was on the dot one of the critics the movie received out of many after the release. There were many complaints regarding almost all aspects that can be examined in a movie.3.1 Comparing Catwoman with the veritable character of the Batman moviesWhen nook Office came up with the idea of creating a whole new movie about the so successful catwoman character of the Batman movies the biggest question was that can the new movie be accepted by the fans of Batman. How the changes in the story and the actors will affect the outcome of the movie? Who would be the best director, actors and actresses to choose to make a huge success? And there were so many questions could be raised and even Warner Bros. tried to make good choices for these questions it happened that they could not. They probably did not consider many aspects cautiously ample and fell in a really embarrassing situation when the movie came out.3.2 PitofJean-Christophe Pitof Comar is a French film and visual effect director primary known about the movies Vidocq and Catwoman. Pitof had never created a big budget American movie film before Catwoman. The only one movie he enjoin before was the French speaking Vidocq which received 6.5/10 rating on IMDb. Viewing his first movie as a success Warner Bros were brave enough to hire him for the direction for Catwoman. Probably that was the first and biggest mistake they make. (IMDb)Warner Bros probably chose him because of his good reputation of visual effects and they knew that the new movie will need to contain a whole bunch of these. Still it is very hard to image how could they chose and trust someone with $100 million who made only one movie before and tha t one was not even American.According critical reviews about the movie Pitof had made almost all the mistakes that can be made spell creating a movie. This includes badly chosen actors and actresses, screen writings, time management, dialogues, framing, costumes. (Rotten Tomatoes, 2004-2005)3.3 ActorsOne of the questions that was raised when Halle Berry was chosen as Catwoman was that can she match for the legendary performances of Eartha Kitt in sixties Batman series or of Michelle Pfeiffer in Batman returns? According to reviews the answer was not even.There are many complaints with the choice of Halle Berry. According to critics her acting was over exaggerated while trying to be a cat. The character of Patience is no bimestrial a human. Her inclination to hiss at dogs and devour canned fish, as tumefy as her urge to bury her face in catnip, eventually convince her that something is going on. Unfortunately, the feline personality traits emerge in a rather ill at ease(p) fash ion. You almost expect the character to seek out a litter tray or a scratch pole, just to prove the point of being a cat. (Bowes, 2004)Other complaints were about the color of the chosen actress. A critic commented on movie review site Rotten Tomatoes that It is like James Bond being black. It might sound very racist but if we think deeply into this statement it might be very abusing for fans that their favorite character is played by a so different actress than before. They expected Seline who is now Patinece to be similar as she was before but they received something else.Frances Conroy plays a reclusive cat lady, Ophelia who becomes the teach of Patience. Her role is to explain what is pretty obvious already that the young woman had turned into a cat. Unfortunately Ophelia looks like she walked out of an episode of a funeral parlor drama and seems to be yearning for a decent line or two. (Bowes, 2004)Another big star comes up in the movie Sharon Stone who plays the evil charact er but who in the first time in her career is not icy enough. According to rumors there were some problems with the actress during the shootings as she was so displeased of her role and the whole project that she did not take the shooting as serious and she actually answered her cell phone during the filming.This was not the only one thing that did not go easy during the filming but also Berry suffered an injury that landed her in the hospital when she crashed into a piece of equipment. These problems probably would exhaust not happened if the planning and directing would have been more careful. Here is another point that can be written to the bill of Pitof.3.4 Screening and dialoguesScreenings and dialogues were so bad that some scenes needed to be reshot only thirty days before its scheduled release. Critics review that even the trailer of the movie was so bad but it could not be better anyways as there were not really as many good shots in the whole movie that could be chosen f or the trailer. The final trailer was redone several time. How this could happen? We can say too many hands in the cookie jar because as many as 28 scribers worked on the scripts which led to very bad dialogues. Only the number of writers of the movie exceeded the usual number of writers of a movie Bob Kane, Theresa Rebeck, Michael Ferris, lavatory D. Brancato, John Rogers. The dialogues and the scenes did not match enough with storyline and even if Berry seemed like making a decent job to play her act she had a very difficult job when she were forced to utter laughable lines like Its over time. (Riemer, 2004)In the beginning sequence of the movie contains a montage of old newspaper cutting and ancient manuscripts about the history of the cat. It seems like the director suggests a depth to the film through this sequence but later it is never comes back in the storyline. Basically they put something into the film that they never talk about later. This is totally unnecessary and it seems like it is just there to make the movie longer or create some cool beginning screen. (Bowes, 2004)The story of the movie is even too predictable after the unlucky and ordinary lady turns into a superhero who needs to take a revenge on her murders and needs to save the poor people of the city from crime. We can say that all superhero movies are about the same topic but at the same time somehow they are created more interesting. We can also raise a question that can a lady be a successful superhero? According to statistics the answer could be that it is probably impossible since heroes were always been males. Most movies with female superheroes failed like Supergirl, Catwoman, Elektra, route Fighter Legend of Chun li, Blood. Why is it like that? The answer could be that the directors of these movies try to make the characters as sexy as possible instead of working more on the story and making it more interesting and exciting.3.5 CostumesReviews about the costume designs appear ing in the film share the opinions. Movie critics dislike them opposed to male fans of the movie who think that the only one reason to watch the movie was only because of the sexy costumes.According to the first catwoman costume that appeared in the original comic book series our superhero first wore only a cat mask which was later change to a sweater with a hood that had cat ears on the top. Later in the batman movies the costume was changed to the tight black latex suit that showed not much skin. In Pitofs movie there is a huge tint put on the costume. It suggests that the whole movie is around showing Halle Berrys skin and making her into a domina-like sex symbol. The members of Gothamists website think that Pitof is trying too hard to make the new character better than in Batman Returns by putting a bikini on Berry. At least the costume shops will have something to emolument on for Halloween. The cat suit was always one of the most liked wear for costume events and after a new cat movie it just even going to be better.3.6 TurnoutAfter the movie was released the reviews were expressly negative and also Warner Bros made very bad incomes. The $100 million budget movie only made a domestic gross of $40 million and another $42 from foreign countries. This means that the movie itself did not even make as much money as it cost. Unfortunately, there are no data available about the DVD sales income. Warner Bros might have made at least as much on it as the film cost.On Rotten Tomatoes it received 10% score and 3.2/10 on IMDb. On Rotten Tomatoes critics are very harsh and heavy. Even on the opening page it appears that Halle Berry is the lone bright spot, but even she cant save this laughable action thriller.3.7 AwardsThe film was nominated 7 times on the Golden Raspberry or Razzies award. Razzies awarded for the worst movies of the year. Catwoman was nominated for worst Picture, Actress, financial support Actor, Supporting Actress, Couple, Director, Screenplay a nd with this it get in to the competition of Razzies Special Worst of Our 25 Years Awards and it won first place. This means that in the past 25 years there was no other movie made that received so many bad reviews and award as Pitofs Catwoman. (Razzies)3.8 LaterHow did this affect the careers of the staff? manifestly the one who came out of this the worst was Pitof who had never get another opportunity to make a movie so far.Halle Berry wasnt so unlucky as she got 12 acts in movies since 2004 (X-man 2006, Perfect Stranger 2007, Things We Lost in the Fire 2007, etc) Out of these 12 production 5 are under production still and are awaited to come out. Berry did not see Catwoman as something that can affect her career hard even if she has now a Golden Razzie award for worst actress next to her Oscar.Sharon Stone also had 18 acts since Catwoman and Frances Conroy had 21. It seems like that the only one person who came out bad from this production was the director and perchance Warner Bros who did not make any money on the production.4. Own opinionAccording to the assignment to examine a huge management failure of our times I decided to choose a movie as my interest is enormous in this media. There were a lot to choose from. I was waffle between Transformers 2 Revenge of the fallen, Land of the lost, The adventure of Pluto Nash and Catwoman. I watched all 4 movies and I did not like three of them at all. I finally chose the one I actually liked and this was Catwoman. I also made some primary interrogation making interviews with friends about the movie. Without exaggerating the outcome of the research I have to say that there was no one who did not like the movie and actually have seen it.I realized that I made a huge task for myself because I needed to watch something over and over with a very critical eye. First I did not read any of the critical reviews so I do not fall in that mistake that they change my own opinion. For fist two watches in face and Hungari an the only one aspect I did not like was the special effects. I saw them too computer like but I needed to realize that the movie was made more than 6 years ago when this technology was not as good as today. After ceremonial it again and again I started to get nervous as there is nothing I can be critical about. So I read the reviews.They were very critical and negative. Most of them made a big affect on me and after re-watching I could notice some of them. I was sure about the bad choice of Pitof as he had no background in American movie making.I actually liked all of the actors in the movie but noticed sometimes weird and over exaggerated facial expressions and movement especially by Sharon Stone and Berry. These were very irritating and ridiculous.I was not much abused by Patiences cat costume. It was obvious that some very sexy leather piece of tiny cloth would be chosen for a 21th century superhero movie. I do not think that critics should talk too much negative things about this or they do because they probably have not seen Batman. Its true that Batman isnt showing much of his skin but his muscular six-pack costume was also very sexy. In my opinion this aspect of criticizing in catwoman is just an addition to the list. Due to my research most of the men I asked liked the movie because the sexy Berry and her tiny costume.I was very worried about viewing the dialogues critically. Watching it in English with subtitles I could not really find any of these ridiculous lines but this can be due to my own English language skill. Probably someone whose mother language is English would have felt that something just sounds wrong. In the Hungarian version there were no mistakes but obviously the translators will not put anything wrong in their own language if they feel that it does not sound right in the original language.Overall, after viewing the movie 5 times in two languages with two kinds of subtitles and without subtitles, reading walls of texts by critics and fans and making primary researches I can say that the movie should have come out so bad as it does. The huge money loss and the small income can be due to the very negative critics that were written fight after the release date. I know this from first hand. If I cannot decide what to watch in the cinema I go to Rotten Tomatoes and check the reviews. If they are very negative then I will never go and pay money for it. The only way to might watch it is to download it later.Doing this examination of failure the biggest thing I have learned was that how much the internet and someone who is call a movie critic can affect the outcome of a new movie release.

Starbucks Coffee Shop Essay -- Starbucks Coffee Business Essays

Starbucks Coffee ShopWhen you walk in a Starbucks coffee shop the amazing aroma of coffee beans being brewed creates a quality so wonderful you can almost taste your favorite coffee or espresso drink even before you have the drink in your hand. The leaden of steaming milk and blenders full of Frapachinoes echoes through the air. Five people in green aprons wearing black or white collared shirts working swiftly, to ensure the speedy best service as possible. The two Baristas at the cash registers would call out the drinks to the two people at the bar. One employee doing odd jobs call expediting. A tall, slender dark haired man wearing a black suit possibly Armoni or Gucci, carrying a briefcase approaches register one. A trendy mom with a 5 year old wearing black capri pants, white blouse, and designer sunglasses orders Grande, non-fat, extra hot, one equal late at register two. The news report is so clean you could even eat off of it. The jazzy interior screams to be that of an Italian caf. This appeared to be an ideal environment to sit and enjoy your drink and possibly a pastr...

Camping Technology :: Camps Camping Technological Papers

Camping TechnologyCould something designed to make life easier end up laying waste everything we have worked to preserve? Technology can sometimes be quite controversial. In my major, I have found that it can be almost more(prenominal) of a frustration than a blessing. In most industries, technological advancements are viewed as a positive step towards efficiency and economic growth. This is not endlessly the case, however. In the camping industry, for example, the constant improvements are often a source of frustration to many die-hard campers.When people go on vacation they more often than not have a common goal, which includes relaxation, adventure, and escape from the stress of their everyday life. They often want to kick the bucket quality time with their family without distractions. Camping is an exciting and affordable elbow room to pack all of those things. For a relatively low price you can pitch a tent at a State Park and get back to nature-- at least thats how it us ed to be. Unfortunately times are rapidly changing, and camping, as it was intended, seems to be a thing of the past.To gild my point, I would like to paint a picture of the typical State Park camping experience. Pretend you are a vacationing middle split up businessman from down state wanting to take his family on a camping excursion up north over his two week summertime vacation. In order to spend a night in one of Michigans beautiful State Parks, there is a simple operation that everyone must go through. First, you must dial a toll-free number, 1-800-44-PARKS, (or use the internet to make a reservation at http//www.midnrreservations.com ) up to 6 months in advance to your pre-planned date of arrival. Spontaneity is overrated anyway. After you dial the number you have to type in the first four letters of the park that you wish to visit. At this point you go out be connected with an operator in Maryland who will help you pick out a site number that will suit your needs from a p ark shes never seen before in a state she has never been in. This is called privatization, which is an issue for a different essay, which I will avoid complaining about in this paper. So, this operator takes your credit card information and charges you $20.00 per night, plus a $2.00 reservation fee. She will then spend 10 minutes reading you a list of rules and regulations for camping in a State Park.