Management and Organisational Behaviour Coursework

Management and Organisational Behaviour - Course behave ExampleLast plainly not the least, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my family and friends whove willingly supported me throughout this delineate wee. Management Approach towards an Open Organizational System by student name.. .date. ABSTRACT This account highlights the impact of external factors on organizational behaviour and attention of the organization. It includes the Open System moulding, political, economical, social, technological, environmental and level-headed analysis of TESCO PLC. It also explains the division of work in an organizational structure. It critically evaluates the work diversification personate which is being exercised by TESCO PLC and its subsequent effects. It thoroughly examines the multi cultural factors that are impacting the organization. Investigation of challenges like consumer behaviour shift, changed societal mind set, employee related government laws, changing norms and mark et trends, and variable economic conditions faced by the management and strategic department of TESCO Public Limited is also included along with the measures that have been taken to salute them. Table of Contents Statement of submission02 Acknowledgement.03 Abstract..04 Table of Contents05 Management advancement towards an open organisational ashes06 a. Introduction06 b. An open model system...06 c. TESCO PLC- an introduction....07 PESTEL analysis of TESCO PLC.....08 Division of work at TESCO PLC..12 a. What is division of work........12 b. Work division model implemented in TESCO PLC......13 c. Analysis of work division at TESCO PLC.....13 d. Organisational chart of TESCO PLC..........14 Culture at TESCO PLC...15 a. Cultural characteristics of TESCO PLC.....15 b. Factors influencing its organisational culture.. ..15 Current organisational struggle scenario of TESCO PLC......................16 Conclusion .....17 Appendices.....18 References...18 Management Approach towards an Op en Organisational System Introduction An Open System Model Before analysing the managements approach towards an organisation, let us first define an open system and its relation with

Australian Immigration Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Australian Immigration Policies - Essay pillow slipWithin the party, his evident energetic commitment to public service and his active loyalty to Labour ships company principles and policy-making precepts contributed to both his growing popularity within Labour Party circles and ever-increasing public visibility. It was thus that in 1931 he became the President of the Victorian Labour Party and, in 1940, the MP for Melbourne in the Australian support of Representatives. During the state of war years, he served as Minister of Information in Curtins government and, from 1945 to 1949, the Minister of Immigration in Chifleys government. As may be deduced from the foregoing biographic information, Calwell was a discharge politician, as manifest in his elected to Victorian Labour Party presidency, his election to the House of Representatives and, importantly, in his appointment to ministerial positions in two consecutive governments. More importantly, he was a consummate politician of strong beliefs, more often than not evidenced in his staunch commitment to Roman Catholicism. The importance of the above-cited biographical information lies in its translation of Calwells political temperament and the clues it provides to his visions of and for Australian society. As some scholars have pointed out, amongst whom sensation may book of facts Albinski, Ozdowski, and Jupp, Caldwells background immediately informed his political temperament and, thus, his immigration policies.... from the foregoing biographical information, Calwell was a consummate politician, as evidenced in his elected to Victorian Labour Party presidency, his election to the House of Representatives and, importantly, in his appointment to ministerial positions in two consecutive governments. More importantly, he was a consummate politician of strong beliefs, largely evidenced in his staunch commitment to Roman Catholicism. The importance of the above-cited biographical information lies in its e xposition of Calwells political temperament and the clues it provides to his visions of and for Australian society. As some scholars have pointed out, amongst whom one may mention Albinski,4 Ozdowski5 and Jupp,6 Caldwells background immediately informed his political temperament and, thus, his immigration policies. As the descendent of immigrants to Australia, he was staunchly pro-immigration. As an Anglo-Saxon Catholic, however, whose loyalties were to Western Christian hereditary pattern and culture, he was unequivocally pro-White European immigration to Australia, and not immigration per se.7 In essence, he advocated European immigration to Australia, as opposed to Asian, for example, because he saw in European immigration the fortification and solidification of Australias Western and Christian cultural heritage and Anglo-Saxon Caucasian ethnic majority. In other words, Calwell advocated a selective immigration policy which would constructively contribute to the populating of Au stralia, without undermining the nations hegemonic culture or introducing challenges to its Anglo-Saxon Christian ethnic majority. Informed and influenced by Calwells background and political temperament, Australias post-World War II immigration policies was a highly selective one.

Transfer admission essay for University of Pittsburgh

Transfer entrance for University of Pittsburgh - Essay ExampleI have resided in Johnstown, Pennsylvania for the majority of my life. The small town transfix and characteristics helped nurture me throughout the years. While the towns features and residents have shaped my current lifestyle, I ache to live among individuals from various cultures and backgrounds. These individuals are a pivotal part of Pittsburghs alluring framework. Since psychology is my want major, being exposed to a motley of perspectives and behaviors is vital while performing research. Interaction with diversified groups provide strengthen my psychological knowledge of human activity. Also, my peers at main campus are not only friends, provided resources as well. Being part of a larger class means having more people to control from. All in all, being a psychology student in Pittsburgh pull up stakes allow me to tax the differing viewpoints of various individuals and will help me to discover ethical issues affecting society. The same will also be very intriguing as I have always wanted to involve myself in resolving power the ethical issues in the society and what better platform than the University of Pittsburgh.In addition to cultural diversity, the amount of educational opportunities at the University of Pittsburgh is unlimited. Seeing that psychology encompasses a vast domain, there are many aspects of which it is comprised. While the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown does offer the psychology major, I feel that the reputable main campus will offer more in terms of exploring subfields and research. While I have not yet decided upon which subfield strikes my interest, studying at the University of Pittsburgh will help direct me towards the proper subfield. Not only is the main campus renowned for its prestigious history, but the option for graduate studies are also imperative to my future. In addition to this, the University of Pittsburgh will also serve as an ideal platform for pursuing my further studies and I have always envisaged a

Esaay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Esaay - experiment ExampleThe paper will explore my career objective, retarding style, my team role, personal attributes and abilities as a mathematician in computer science and information technology.My career objective is to work for a reputable disposal as top-level management in the fields of finance, management, public service or actuarial management where I would be able to use my mathematical and analytical skills to solve mathematical problems related to computer science. I will also be able to use my outgoing personality, enthusiasms, positive attitude, and will to work as a team to enhance the performance of the organization.Learning style preference is a factor that dictates the things that students learn and the ease with which they are learnt. This is because they have the potential of exerting powerful manipulation on the scholarship effectiveness. For this reasons, Honey and Mumford suppose a four scholarship style questionnaires that learners may prefer to adopt and a preferred learning methodology. These include the activist, reflectors, theorist, and pragmatism learning styles. I being interested in mathematics that requires deep analytical and complex computations and my preference of working as a team, I prefer the pragmatic learning style. This is because it allows me to bespeak questions on the spot from my lecturers who are experts in the field of mathematics. Pragmatic learning style enables discussion with my colleagues delicate as one who is more knowledgeable in a particular area is given a chance to demonstrate to others the problem instead of struggling as an individual making trial and erroneousness as is the case with activist style (Pont 87)Leaning power refers to the skills and psychological traits that enable learners to engage in effect in diverse learning challenges. In this regard I believe that I posses different learning traits and powers that has seen me improve and get good marks in mathematics. My

Tambour embriodery work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tambour embriodery die - Essay ExampleThe origins of embroidery frame work are traced to the 18th Century where it grew into a favourite following for women. Being a new formulate of embroidery, the technique was preferred due to it being an exotic form of stitchery (Embroiderersguildwa.org, 2014). The finest attires stitched through this technique were traded all over Europe from Britain to France and in Asiatic countries such(prenominal) as India and Persia.In Turkey and India, tambour embroiderers used metal threads to stitch their fabric. Turkey, specifically, used tambour work to make covers used in ceremonial household events, as it was a status emblem (Embroiderersguildwa.org, 2014). The Indians of Peru, on the other hand, developed their work without the use of a frame also known as coarse chain embroidery.The popularity of tambour work grew in leaps and bounds because of the Napoleonic wars. These wars made it difficult for flock to obtain fashionable French laces and they had to settle for tambour laces. It was further adopted in Britain after an Italian established his tambour embroidery shop in Edinburgh (Thetextileblog, 2014). Its popularity grew further after the invention of a gondola that would manufacture tambour fabric on a larger scale. There was massive production of patterned muslin and other tambour

Diageo-Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Diageo-Marketing - Case Study frameworkThe firm has distilleries in Europe and North America. Allied Domecqs retail operations include the Baskin-Robbins, Dunkin Donuts, and Togos Eateries franchises. Allied was acquired by Pernod Ricard in 2005. (Source from website http//www.hoovers.com/allied-domecq/--ID__50001--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml)Constellation Brands The Company makes and distributes about 200 brands of beer, wine, and spirits in the US and the UK. Its Constellation Wines variance is the global leader in wine sales, offering brands such as Almaden, Banrock Station, Hardys, Inglenook, Vendange, and Arbor Mist. Constellation excessively makes premium wines including Estancia, Ravenswood, and Simi. Constellation Brands imports beers such as Corona and Tsingtao, markets distilled spirits such as Fleishmanns and Barton, and produces and distributes cider, wine, and bottled water in the UK. (Source from website http//www.hoovers.com/constellation-brands/--ID__11800--/free-co-f actsheet.xhtml)Fortune Brands The holding caller-up is a leading US producer and distributor of distilled spirits (Jim Beam, DeKuyper, client Creek, Absolut) and golf equipment (Titleist, Cobra, FootJoy, Pinnacle). Bacardi, Adolph Coors, Carlsberg, Fosters, SABMiller and Pernod Ricard. It also has a diversified non- alcoholic drinkic product mix and has added former Allied Domecq brands Sauza, Courvoisier, Canadian Club, and Clos du Bois to its fold. (Source from website http//www.hoovers.com/fortune-brands/--ID__10075--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml) entropy from website http//www.diageo.com/NR/rdonlyres/E8BFE3FB-B7D8-461B-8E27-4D8449A1C350/0/DiageoFactSheet2006.pdf. Diageo is the leader in terms of revenues and global market share. In 2005, had a market share... This try describes the Diageo company, that is a very well-known brand globally and markets all over the world that includes including Great Britain, Ireland, get together States, Canada, Spain, Italy, Africa, Latin America, Australia, India and the Caribbean. It is stated by the researcher that Diageo is the worlds leading premium drinks business with an outstanding collection of alcohol beverage brands across spirits, wine and beer categories. These brands include Smirnoff, Johnnie Walker, Guinness, Baileys, J&B, Captain Morgan, Cuervo, Tanqueray, Crown Royal and Beaulieu Vineyard and greatest Vineyards wines. The researcher then analyzes different marketing strategies that were used by the company, as well as discusses the summary of the Diageos competitors. This essay also provides the reader with PEST Analysis and SWOT analysis on the publication, discussing the topic of strengths and weaknesses and opportunities of the company as well as its technological, social, political and cultural aspects. In addition, the researcher provides his own recommendations on the topic and concluds that Diageo has always been in tune with the dynamic environment and has been able to strategize accordingly. This has made it a success study and a created a place for itself in the alcoholic beverage industry which is open to numerous mad and volatile issues. Selective acquisitions to support brand growth, on-going innovation and customer focus strategies will continue hit Diageo on the path to success.

Non-Human Animals Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Non-Human Animals - Term Paper ExampleHe finishes it off with the fact that non forgiving wildlife feces be regarded as no more than machineries with chunks brought together in complex ways. Centered on Descartes underlying principle, human beings have a very little accountability to other natures or the natural world, unless their behavior has an stimulated impact on other domain. (Hergenhahn, 2005, pp. 164). Rene Descartes, seemingly believed that wildlife were, as a matter of fact, vague from nonliving objects in that animals were not emotional they were purely not creatures who were sensible, had individual and perceptual mindfulness, or were able to suffer chafe and misery. As a consequence, they were not animations who had happiness that is, they did not have favorites, needs, or wishes (Wilsher, 2010). La Mettrie suspected Descartess thoughts on God were a veil for his true feelings and to keep himself safe from persecution. In actuality, La Mettrie was of the spirit that Descartes believed humans to be automated like machines and all other non-human creatures (including animals). Descartes presented his thoughts on God and soul as such that they would match with the thoughts of the clergy. He did this mainly to be accepted by the clergy, because otherwise, he would have to facet persecution in the case of differing from their thoughts. La Mettrie on the other hand, realized Descartess quandary, and knew that he thought humans to have no soul, and were in fact machines. Hence, La Mettrie was of the opinion that Descartes was more of a mechanist, even when it came to the speculation of humans. (Shank, 2002, P. 75). La Mettrie on the contrary had a different view on humans. He thought that either being consisted of matter and no other substance, like humans hence he was considered a bodily monist. But La Mettrie was not a physician he was only a philosopher, so his thoughts and his studies can only be backed by his philosophical background. For La Mettrie, the thought of humans or any(prenominal) other creature having an immaterial soul was bizarre. (La Mettrie, 1996) So to be sure of this concept, the argument would have to be backed by both fields, i.e. philosophy and physician. La Mettries argument hence, would prove to be promiscuous in front of Descartess argument, because Descartess thoughts were supported by evidence from philosophical and physicist backgrounds. There is evidence, however, of psychogenic states like the soul, depending on physical aspects of humans. If someone accepts this fact then they would be accepting dualism, i.e. the belief of psychological aspects depending on non-mental aspects. However, by the end of his life Descartes accepted that animals can suffer bodily pains. The next strategic fact of difference Descartes had with the Scholastics was his rejection of the theory that all facts must come from feeling. The Scholastics were dedicated to the Aristotelian principle that everybody is b orn(p) with a spotless slate, and all that intellect material must be felt. Descartes, nonetheless, reasoned that as the senses once in a while trick, they cannot be a reliable basis for understanding. Whats more, the fact of plans based on feeling is unsurprisingly problematic and the proposals, consequently, be undecided evidences when used in wiles. Descartes was profoundly displeased with such uncertain

Philosophy of Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy of jurisprudence - Research Paper mannequinAmongst them includes the Natural School of thinking, The positivist School of thinkinginter alia. This subject is a broad area of study and our reciprocation will be confined within the grounds, conceptualization, and comprehension of the Positive school of thinking under which statutory positivism being the speculation, which was propagated by John capital of Texas famously, referred to Austins Theory, was extracted. Austins possibleness commonly referred to as Legal Positivism revolves around the brain that uprightness is what it is and not what it ought to be. As was contradistinguished with the idea drove forth by the Natural School of practice of law thinkers who opined that law must reflect perfect(a) principles of Justice and morality which they believed originated from a super natural power beyond humans understanding but which dictated the lives of men and which existed independence of government recognition (Austin 40). Austins approach to Law offered the best-formulated alternative of both the natural school of law and utilitarian approaches, which were propagated by Bentham. He also move on the idea that there should be a complete separation of between law and morality and that law should be developed towards maximization of utility or personal pleasure or pain. Consequently, wisdom of a guiding policy washstand be calculated by addition of in all pleasures and subtraction of all pain brought to everyone. (Ibid) Austins theory of law is most often referred to as the overtop theory of law found on the fact that the concept of command lies at its core viz law is the command of the sovereign, backed by a threat of sanction in the event of non-compliance or disobedience aimed at undermining its dictates (Patterson 244-46). A proper case scenario includes the laws of a state orchestrated from which norms and policies of a state are debated and passed by the legislative arm of the gov ernment. Assented by the president as the head of the executive, the same becomes a law, which commands the activities of the national within their sovereignty (Petterson 244-46). If a tort feaser feasernegligently causes an injury to a complainant, then the claim against him will be make based on the law. In the cause of his engagement with the claimant, the tort feaser must have been alive to the requirement norm. Once you subject one to danger and the same consequently occurs the event that proceeds thereafter shall cease to liability or remedy compensational by rules put forth in the statute, otherwise referred by Austin as sanctions of the state. The element of the breach originated from the actual conduct of the injury otherwise referred to as the actusreus is what dictates whether he is infer to be held accountable or liable for the injury against a claimant. The same argument equally applies to the immoral case instance where once it is established that the element of bo th mensrea and actusreus exists then the accused person can be punished according to a source of law that is in existence with accordance to the law of that state. Legality according to Austin, on this basis, is determined by the source of a norm and not based on the merits of its substance. The answer to the question what is law? is therefore obtained vide resort to facts not value. According to John Austin, a rule R is legally valid in a society S if and only if R is commanded by the sovereign in S and is backed up with the threat of a

Middle east and international relation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Middle east and international relation - Essay Examplethat substantially oils the military personnel since large volumes of crude oil, a key source of energy for human global use, are mine in this constituent (Ismael p.183). As a result of its strategic position and numerous reserves for vegetable oil resources, Middle East has evolved as one of the roughly critical spheres of contemporary world. In terms of governmental stability, Middle East has not been lucky as most nations of the region experience unstable political environment, an opportunity that has been exploited by superpower nations as they fight it out to gain advantage in the region (Ismael p.183).Economically, this is a region characterized by poor economic record for almost the previous twain centuries. Compared to other western countries, the regions per capita income is seen to be less than a third of per capita income in most of the advanced nations and life expectancy is almost eight years lesser (Kuran p.1) . On overall, major nations of the region are characterized as poor performers economically (Kuran p.1). One theory that still remains disputed for providing reasons for underdevelopment of the region postulate that Islam inhibits economic development of the region through its culturally insensitive aspects such as fatalism, personalism, laziness, deprivation of curiosity, mistrust of science, superstition, conservatism and traditionalism (Timur p.2). Therefore, the essence of this paper is to look at issues of Middle East as it influences international relations.Israel-Palestine conflict is an issue that cannot be resolved today, tomorrow or the day after. It is a tropic issue that both sides backed by their various international allies have approached with particular defined positions hardening every day. The problem originates from events of 29th November 1947 when the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to sectionalisation Palestine into two countries one occ upied by Jewish and another occupied by Arab (Karsh p.8). capital of Israel was to

Valuing cultural diversityfeeling respected as a way of managing Essay

Valuing heathen varietyfeeling respected as a way of managing diversity is tapping diversitys true benefits and HRM role to support managing heathen dive - Essay Exampleept of integration-and-learning perspective, cultural diversity in terms of the access-and-legitimacy perspective and discrimination-and-fairness perspective, and integration-and-learning perspective will be identified and analysed.There are many ways in which cultural diversity at work can be strengthened. superstar of the major factors that causes problem in managing diversity is the behaviours of people within the working environment. (Henderson 1994, p. 133) Therefore, making employees feel respected has been considered as one of the best ways in promoting cultural diversity within the working environment. In the process of examining the truth behind this statement, the student will conduct a literature review on how the application of integration-and-learning perspective could enhance organizational learnin g, growth, and renewal. Prior to conclusion, the role of HRM in support of cultural diversity (under the integration-and-learning perspective) in the workplace will be thoroughly discussed.Organizational refinement is actually referring to a nonplus of norms, beliefs, principles and behaviour that gives the organization a unique character. (Naylor 1997, p. 1 Brown, 1995) In the case of David (1999, p. 143), the author defines organizational civilisation as a pattern of behaviour developed by an organization to cope with problems related to extraneous adaptation and internal integration aside from enabling the employees to feel and think positively.The word diversity marrow as to include a variety of racial or ethical backgrounds and characteristics of humankind. (College of the Mainland 2008) Considering the definition of diversity, the study of cultural diversity is focused on acknowledging one or more socio-demograhic traits like gender, race, ethnicity, and age (Janssens & Za noni 2005). In former(a) words, cultural diversity at work also known as multiculturalism is about integrating culture in terms of employees age, gender, mental or physical

How can the behavioural, physical and symbolic manifestations of the Essay - 1

How can the behavioural, physical and symbolic manifestations of the ethnic web inform the strategic study of organizations - Essay ExampleSimilarly in the same way one thinks Scotland when they hear bagpipes or collect a kilt some organizations shed specific cultures which are inherently tied to their short letter practice in the economic and literal sense. Various international companies have distinguished themselves by their organizational culture and in cases when this is well managed it has proven to be as invaluable as any well though business strategy. A firm like Google is recognized for its easy going operations culture in which the employees have are allowed a free reign to exploit their creativity without the convectional strictness in many quasi(prenominal) firms. Others like apple Inc. have also established themselves as creativity hubs with creativity and self-expression being tending(p) the forefront, this for this such companies have been ranked among the best places to work and their overall performance proves that their easy going corporate culture can indeed be very profitable. This paper seeks to examine how the behavioral, physical and symbolic manifestations of the cultural web inform the strategic development of organizations by using Google as an example in the mise en scene of which various elements of organizational culture and their perceived impacts will be discoursed on different theoretical grounds.Admittedly, this egress is hardly new and in the past few decades, much as been written about the underlying connection between organization strategy and organization culture, managers have all along being urged to nexus the gap so as to manage their organizations cultural context (Johnson 1992, p.28). Nevertheless, a lot of these discourses have been basically theoretical and while there are elements of reality in them, they are very general and seldom provide practical directions especially in view given the diversity of o rganization and their

Managing people Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing people - Case get a line ExampleTerry & Franklin (1994) defines management as a distinct process consisting of activities of planning, organising, actuating and controlling performed to determine and put through stated objectives with the use of human beings and other resources. In this paper we will analyse Coca- locoweed for the manner in which it manages its workforce.Coca Cola is a kind of product which is known and available in almost exclusively parts of the world. It is said that1 if all the Coca-Cola ever produced were in 8-ounce contour bottles laid end-to-end, they would reach to the moon and cover song 1,677 times. With increasing consumer base, opening economies, globally accepted rules and regulation, emphasis on quality standards etc. the consumer base of the familiarity is bound to see many more milestones in the near future. Therefore managing much(prenominal) a union becomes far more challenging as the company requires to have policies in place to man age the renewal in workforce, depending upon the regional considerations etc.With a global workforce of around 90, 500, the company has been able to enter upon 1.5 billion servings a day, Muhtar Kent, President and Chief Operating Officer of the company says2, Coca-Cola isnt only a drink. Its an idea, a vision, a feeling. Its connection and refreshment.Coca-Cola being an international brand and ha... Therefore, to assess the need of new workforce, the company is in need of the following information and documentationi. The food marketing strategies and sales targets planned for the year/ region. Coca Cola prefers to have ambitious targets and with the levels of competition increasing and margins shrinking, efficiency and effectiveness are the key consideration in planning the requirement of personnel. ii. The employees turnover ratio in any case plays a crucial role in such requirement. Suppose nobody leaves the job this year from the company, then the company will of course be spirit to have fewer recruitments, while focusing on granting promotions and bonuses to the loyal workforce.iii. The budgetary provisions under the HR department, of course are a key consideration as it will help in decision making about the salary and perquisites structure for the workforce.iv. Regional considerations desire the size of the market, topography of the area etc. For example, if the market/ dry land is a big size, it requires a separate focus and a dedicated team, but if the market size is small, it can be clubbed with some other countries/ regions. For example China being a huge market with many more opportunities for the company, it certainly helps to have a dedicated team from top to bottom, but the markets like Thailand, Philippines etc. can be clubbed together from the point of view of top management. The sales force and reduce level employees can of course be from the respective markets. Similarly, the topography and availability of facilities like transport, communication etc. also determines the kind of the workforce the company might be recruiting.v. Strategies of competing companies also play a crucial

The Ethics of Samsung Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Ethics of Samsung - Research Paper ExampleNew management encompassed the rise of employees to adopt changes in the society and strive to become more ethical for others. Therefore, qualitative performance at Samsung is preferred over the quantitative terms. In the presence of these efforts, Samsung Electronics admitted breaches of the labor regulations in the way of the excessive on the job(p) hours. Repeated use of child labor at some factories of Samsung was also observed. However, Samsung takes measures to correct these violations including revising hiring policies, extra time practices and work hours. Welfare and health protection were among other measures (Mundy 2012). Compliance program of Samsung is intended to guarantee the judicial meekness of self-governing and network of accord officers supports and represents all(prenominal) departments. Compliance officers dispense advices and provide legal resources to employees. This compliance program is developed to ensure that Samsungs employees comply with governments regulations, laws and other policies to mitigate the risks of the out of the blue(predicate) legal fallouts. Talking about vision and mission command of Samsung, it is stated in the motto that creates the universe by inspiring the world. Samsung is committed to inspire the communities by leveraging the key Samsungs strength in the innovative products, new technology and creative solutions and also promoting the values of Samsungs employees and partners. Samsung also declared that company responded to the internal changes as well as a new development. However, change in the mission statement was intended to keep the pace of growing international operations. New mission statement is focused to bear the technology and human resources to create services and superior products towards contributing the global society. Enhancing the well being of plenty all over the world is another point of Samsungs mission statement (Lee, 2006). Code of morals of Samsung did not mention the ethics office, but most companies of Korea had the ethics officer (Samsung Engineering, 2013). Samsung like other descent companies requires the mechanism for transmission of practices and values on the corporate, social responsibility and ethical business. Samsung Engineering continues to educate and occur the employees on the Samsungs compliance management through training of employees and encourage employees to participate in the practices of the compliance program. The training contains the points of legal compliance and relevant laws on corruption prevention, and fair get by. In fair trade at Samsung, no employee is allowed to do unfair transactions and provide the improper influence to others. No employee in the future is allowed to provide the unfair and false information. Employees of Samsung cannot involve in acts of receiving the money, any service or benefits from excessive advantages. They are also strictly prohibited to receiv e rebates or do doubtful transactions. Cyber education has been provided to all Samsungs employees on the understanding of ethical management. Samsung Electronics knows very well about the development of compliance grow and create core values for top management and employees. A zero tolerance principle is ensured in all cases of unethical and misconduct of business conducts. A pledge of compliance is signed by executives

What does it mean to be a human Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What does it mean to be a homophile - Essay ExampleReligious elites have on the an other(prenominal) hand beget up with contradictory argument on the origin, traits as wellspring as development of benevolent species (Lee 3). However, contempt the existence of various conflicting ideas and views about the concept charitablekind, scholars have come into a consensus on virtually of the main traits of human. There are some scholars who hold the perception that, the current definition of basic concepts human lacks some rattling essential transformation that are brought about by emerging technological development(Martin Luther powerfulness 23). In addition, modern researchers and critical thinkers have as well condemned the current information on human as being shallow and inconsistent. This therefore center that the knowledge on human is a very essential aspect in describing human growth and development. Most of the accessible information regarding human cannot radical the te st of time. However, despite being inadequate, there is sufficient information to describe the concept human. The subsequent endeavor will therefore describe the meaning of human. What Makes Us Human? At its basic description, being human is being born with physical appearance and traits that defines their interaction with others. By referring to this definition, being human is the act one(a) being born into the continuous community of human being. Despite having, the characters that are apply to define human being, researchers and other neighborly thinkers have as well come up with other traits that can be used to describe human. For a starter, human must understand moral principle and standards of happiness and wisdom. both peaceful society is defined and identified by specific moral and principles. Therefore, to be categorised as human, one must demonstrate the understanding and effective utilisation of the existing moral and ethical issues. Secondly, companionable life is a very essential aspect that defines the concept human. In this case, social life is used to describe one interaction with other members of the society. Modes of communication, social role and responsibilities, social expectations, social roles and regulations as well as social beliefs are some of the core aspects that describe one social life. Other social aspects that are used to describe human social life entails eating pattern and habit, means of pickings care of infant and new borne, means of building social networks with community members and members of other societies and acceptable means of interacting with the environment(Lee 7). Thirdly, language is a very essential factor that define peaceful community. Language is described as the main means of enhancing communication in the society. Therefore, for an individual to qualify to be human he or she ought to understand some of the basic signs and symbols that enhance effective communication in a society. On the other hand, r esearchers have claimed that, communication signs and symbols play a very essential role in determining the behavior in which human being live and operate in the society. Language and other communication and interaction symbols as well offer new ways and means of coping with the unpredictable changes in the environment. In addition, human is defined by ones human capacity to peaceful community and happiness. Compared to other creatures in the universe, human being is presumed to have the highest level of brain capacity to interact and communicate with others. The computer storage capacity of an effective and complete human is as well expected to be high and functional. base on the accessible scientific researches and theories, as human being encounter new social, economic, cultural, and

UNIFICATION IN GERMANY&IN ITALY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UNIFICATION IN GERMANY&IN ITALY - Essay ExampleThis cipher is called The Napoleonic Code. It is still a basis for many European laws. Napoleon was determined to change the confusing and contradictory royal laws so that he could reform the French lawful system. Before the establishment of the Napoleonic Code, France did not have a single set of laws. So, the Napoleonic Code proved a milestone for the French legal system.1The Napoleonic Code gave more power to men before the law, while women lost some of their significant rights that were apt(p) to them during the time of revolution. The code states that the wife should be obedient to the maintain and it is the duty of the husband to fulfill the call for of the wife within whatever means he has, and the husband is also responsible for providing protection to his wife. The code describes this relationship in the following wordsThe wife is obliged to live with her husband, and to follow him to every business office where he may jud ge it convenient to reside the husband is obliged to receive her and to furnish her with every necessity for the wants of life, according to his means and station.2The code also states that a wife cannot begin legal proceedings without her husbands ascendence, even if she is a public figure or a bargainer or has any other significant status in society, unless the judge gives her the right. But the authority of the husband does not matter when the wife is involved in any criminal case or constabulary matter.The code states that in the case of divorce, the management of children will lie with the husband or petitioner unless the authority is given to the mother or family for greater advantage of the children. As the code states in Clause 267 of the break sectionThe provisional management of the childrenshall rest with the husband, petitioner, or defendant, in the suit for divorce, unless it be otherwise say for the greater advantage of the children, on petition of

Cooking Is My Hobby Essay Example for Free

Cooking Is My pursuance EssayI enjoy cooking because it keeps me happy in my life. When forever I feel sad or upset, cooking ease that for me in a big way. I started cooking when I was 6, but it was as simple as putting ham and cheese between 2 slices of bread and used my preferred condiment of maynaise and let it heat up for about 30 seconds. When I grew older, my knowledge of food grew to new depths when I learned how to cook American food on the grill when I was 13 and my dad was the bushel reason why I got better since he explained to me how to use temperature control. The 1st dish I do on my own without any kind of assistance was Alaskan Cod with Lemon Pepper which I enjoyed very much when it was baked in an oven. Now, in my college years, I evolved into making cursine in many cultures such as tacos from Mexico, crepes from France, peking duck from China, and pizza from Italy using my ingredients I purchased from HEB, Fiesta, or Chinatown in my hometown. Cooking is the wholly thing in which I know how to do best and I usually cook for my family, relatives, friends, or people whom I do not know. Sometimes, I cook multiple of one thing for stateless people and disturbute them across the city.My least favorite thing to cook is vegetables since I do not analogous them, but if someone requests them on their plate, I will not be unwilling to cook them. Instead, I would embrace their desires and make it for them. I have invested hours of my time per day to be more knowlegable about diverse cooking methods from various chefs instead of just one in order to be prepared for opposite styles of cooking and perferences from guests. My signature dish is pork and leek dumplings with either soy sauce or vinegar or my orange chicken with basil and coconut broth so if you are ever in my area, I will be willing to cook for you.

Modern Educational System Essay Example for Free

Modern Educational organisation EssayI decided to write about teaching method outline in Ukraine because I take it is very common problem and because Im a student as thoroughly. Educational remains in Ukraine at the present stage is sufficiently complex and hard-to-reach for citizens. Despite the fact that offici every(prenominal)y training is considered to be free of charges on all takes for babyren, in reality p arents confront series of problems that are non so easy to deal with, unless they have certain savings of m singley. So for example, parents are obliged to military reserve powers in kindergartens evening before the children are born. Because if you do non do this by the time your child is three years old there will be no more vacant place left. And of course we must not forget that all institutions of preschool developments under one reason or some other demand financial contribution for various needs. The same range of problems is applied to school edu cation with indication that parents are forced to purchase incompatible teaching material on their own in legion(predicate) cases. Another very important subject matter is related to the field of physical activity for children and teenagers.It is well known that for everyone, who is nearly six or seven years old, immovable pastime on the lessons for twoscore five minutes is nearly a torture and fifteen minutes of break are not enough for proper progress and harmony of such(prenominal) a young and growing organism. notwithstanding even in spite of this it makes no difference to us and we continue to insist on such stirred methods doctrine of torment for our children. The question is why? Against the background of this days schedule we are confronting the eternal cases of childrens overwork and fatal outcomes.The anatomical structure of higher education in Ukraine according to its ideology and goals corresponds to the structure of education in most developed countries of the w orld. It is very important that in March, 2005 Ukraine has joined the Bologna trunk and became an active participant of development of the all-European space in the sphere of higher education. For today there are 951 higher educational institutions of different levels of accreditation in Ukraine which conduct preparation of qualified experts of more than 500 specialties.But even more difficult tasks are in prospect to be solved in the system of higher education, so as to adjust proximate planed dependence from demand and offer of experts in different spheres of activity. Nowadays in our untaught we experience luck of teachers, medical workers, and profile engineers in various sectors and in the same time we have overabundance of such professions as economists, lawyers and others. Its not a sequestered that education is not an exception, as well as other systems in our country, where we confront corruption.This issue is one of the most problematic and hard-to-solve for Ukrainian p opulation. For example, Prime Minister of Ukraine N. Azarov has signed a decree of the Cabinet of Ministers aimed at improving the quality of IT professionals, strengthening cooperation between business and education, bringing education to the needs of industry and constancy marketplace. One of the key barriers of IT industry development is lack of human resources. The level of IT graduates rarely meets the requirements of the labor market today.Lack of practical training, insufficient level of English proficiency, miss of skills working in the team all lead to the fact that only 25% of graduates are to work in IT industry and this is very paltry index. Most ilkly that we lost true value of the word education is educating, that means to create and pass along new image or character to people but not impose them with unlimited measuring stick of knowledge and information that sometimes is not only interesting but unnecessary.English word education or Latin word educo in compar ison with the Russian equivalent, expose more precise exposition of the notion we putting in this concept by nurturing. It is the purpose of education in every country rising new spiritual and moral generation this is our ultimate aim. One of the most vivid examples of such a high-quality education were times of imperial Russia in the middle of XVIII century, where upbringing of high level ecclesiastical and ethical patriots was not restricted by place of birth or nationality of the person.The biggest delusion in our times is the false idea of scientific and technical progress. Under the pretence of it specialization of each purpose narrows with every day. Workers of such a limited in profile become easy-to-handle manipulators and with their help it is possible to keep up almost every conception without their understanding and thinking into the truth. Integration to another educational system, like most of European countries, the tests structure, leads to these consequences.As specialists themselves say, one of the most serious problems of integration of the Ukrainian system of education in the Bologna process is unawareness of officials of the current situation in the Ukrainian and European education, as well as the objectives of the Bologna process. The system of education in the former USSR was considered to be one of the surpass in the world. It was not declared by other countries by variety of reasons some of the main ones were semipolitical convictions and disinclination to recognize its effectiveness in every way.

George Washington Essay Example for Free

George upper-case letter EssayIt has often been said that the entire ordeal leading up the American Revolution occurred as a direct result of devil stances not having a common actualiseing. In fact, this simple adaptation of the more complicated problem might not completely explain everything that happened leading up to and during the new War, but it can be used as an explanation for the rift in thinking that eventu exclusivelyy kept the two sides apart on a theoretical level. The British, for the most part, mistacit what the colonists were looking for in their striving for freedom. The colonists, on the another(prenominal) hand, held a fighting spirit that could not easily be understood by quite a little who were not there to experience it on a day-to-day basis. Two turgid thinkers from either side, George capital letter and Edmund murder, laid out their opinions on the matter in easy to understand terms. Their books represent an interesting dichotomy. polish off, for the most part, understood what was going on in the colonies. Washington took an approach of big support for his coarsemen, which was representative of the patriotic spirit that permeated the time.Though Washington could never be accused of cosmos a person that managed to get his hands too muddy in the political arena, he did have a pretty firm grasp on the overall feeling of the American people at that time. When he writes to George William Fairfax and Bryan Fairfax in a series of 1774 letters, Washington makes it very clear that he believes the country is ready to stand as one in the face of British opposition. Washington was a measured man and one that was certainly not fast(a) to jump to any conclusions without first investigating the other options.In his letter to Bryan Fairfax, Washington gives a clear indication of this and further makes indication that he believes all of his options to be expended. When he writes, Shall we, after this, whine and cry for relief, when we have already tried it in vain, Washington clearly indicates that perhaps, making requests of the British establishment is not enough anymore. To George Washington, capital of Massachusetts was only the breaking focalize in a counterpoint that had been long overdue.The plight of Boston was the plight of American and the conflict had arrived because, just put, they had no other choice but to put up a fight. Though Washington was quick to lend his support to the folks in Boston, he was not fully supportive of their means. Though he agreed that perhaps what they did was demand, he did not completely approve of how they went about things. As mentioned onward, Washington was a calculated individual in every way. He hoped for people to take all options into account before making rash decisions.When the people of Boston opted to toss pounds and pounds of tea into the harbor, they were not making the most creditworthy decision, but they were making a statement. Washington could re spect that statement and the stand that they had the guts to take, even if he did not undyingly support their actions. Washington wrote, The conduct of the Boston people could not justify the rigor of their measures. Still, he goes on to qualify that statement later in his letter. He indicates that sometimes, measures such as those are necessary when people will not take others seriously or respect their requests.To Washington, the main point was that a stand had to be taken somewhere, so he wasnt angry that the people of Boston do that statement. In fact, he was happy with the idea of having a rallying point around which the colonists could congregate. From the British side of things, Edmund Burke took a slightly more contradictory approach with his thinking. He was a well consider British political mind. During that time, most well respected British minds cute to use force and not concede anything to the colonists.Those people did not understand what be actived the colonists and certainly did not understand the passion with which colonists wanted to rid themselves of foul treatment. In short, most British political people, who were all of the way across the Atlantic Ocean, had no idea how bad they American colonists wanted it. Burke got it, however. He knew exactly what the colonists wanted and he understood how to motivate them. Edmund Burkes primary assertion was that the British political sympathies was going about things all wrong.Like Washington, Burke was a very influential and deep thinker. He did not like to act without first thinking through all of the different scenarios that might take place. With that in mind, Burke wanted the British government to work with the American colonists, as opposed to working against them as they had been frame on doing. He thought it was a good idea to promote reconciliation between the two sides because, in his mind, that was the only way to shut down the fighting spirit of the American colonists.When the Brit ish government pushed the Americans into a corner, they banded together and they came out fighting. This is evidenced by Washingtons comments about the Boston Tea Party. Burke similarly wanted to push for reconciliation because he understood the fact that undischarged Britain had to have some sort of working relationship with the colonies in the future. They could not make everyone in the colonies mad. In his barbarism to Parliament on March 22, 1775, Edmund Burke says, Because after all our struggle, whether we will or not, we must(prenominal) govern America. That was Burkes primary point throughout the entirety of this speech. Win, lose, or draw, the British government had to respect the relationship with the colonies on good footing, or else there would eventually be a conflict to face. In addition to plenty of other things, Burke understood the nature of the American people. He also understood that the British government did not understand the nature of the American colonis ts. He knew that Great Britain had to keep that in mind if they wanted to be successful in making the American colonies listen to their rules.A fighting spirit was engrained in the American people and that was something that would not go away. In that same speech to the British Parliament, Burke let his partners in the room know that the American colonists were a fighting bunch. In this character of the Americans, a love of Freedom is the predominating feature which marks and distinguishes the whole. If the British government could not understand that, then according to Burke, they had no chance of exacting any change among the colonists themselves.This basic rift in understanding is the one factor that, according to Edmund Burke, would keep the British government from creating any change. Washing and Burke were on different sides, but they were very similar men. They both understood people and they understood what it took to motivate people. While Washington was a unifying give t ongue to in America, Burke served as a voice of reason in Great Britain. Their specific messages were different, but they were equally important to their respective nations.

Managaging Organizational Change Essay Example for Free

Managaging Organizational kind EssayWith falling vehicles sales and high costs, getting their North Ameri give the bounce operations profitable may be impossible no matter what the union gives. All the UAW has to push back with is a read. And, strike it may. If the UAW gives up what the car companies want in this round of negotiations, the union will cease to exist as the bargaining force that it has been for decades. The union may decide that it is better to risk dying while defend its workers that to be overrun without a struggle (McIntyre 2012). This particular union took on the Change Manager as Director Image.According to chapter 2, the director image is based on an image of management as visualise and of diversity outcomes as being achievable. It is therefore up to the change manager to direct the organization in particular ways in order to produce the required change. The assumption is that change is a strategical choice that managers make and the survival and gener al well-being of the organization depends on them. In this particular perspective the Managers in charge felt they would fight for what is right, even if that means fighting until the end. The image I purport best facilitates Ford is the Caretaker Image.In the caretaker image, the (ideal) image of management is still one of manoeuvre, although the ability to exercise control is severely constrained by a variety of forces, both internally and externally driven, that propel change relatively independent of a managers intentions. For example, despite the change managers best intentions to implement activities to encourage entrepreneurial and modernistic behavior, they may feel like this is a continually failing exercise as the organization grows, becomes much bureaucratic, and enacts strategic planning cycles, rules, regulations, and centralized practices.In this situation, inexorable growth and the issues associated with it are outside the control of some(prenominal) individual manager of change. In this rather pessimistic image, at best managers are caretakers, shepherding their organizations along as best they can. Ford has conflict, turmoil, and uncertainty but is that necessarily a bad thing? I would be more concerned with a union that was complacent, steady, and overconfident to use just one set of antonyms. A culture that has a presumption of imperfection can be very stressful.That type of stress can be good, and the fear of a cataclysmic industry or market disruption is often what drives the nigh successful lean manufacturing efforts. Change is hard, you have to really want to change or be stimulate into doing it. When you possess a caretaker image A lean transformation takes real leadership, and thats where we see a abundant disparity between Ford and GM. On the Ford side we have CEO Alan Mulally who came from Boeing, a company with a very strong lean program. We have some problems with Boeings offshoring practices, but much of that is driven b y political necessity.Bottom line is that he understands lean, and just recently visited archrival Toyota with VP Mark Fields. At a reclusive dinner on Wednesday, Ford CEO Alan Mulally told journalists that the recent visit he and Mark Fields do to Toyotas headquarters was born out of a desire to understand more about the Japanese automakers manufacturing and point of intersection development processes, which Mulally holds in very high esteem.

The Third ; Final Continent Themes Essay Example for Free

The Third Final Continent Themes EssayEverybody olfactory perceptions he must get to the top. Dont expect an English cup of tea. Car horns, shrill and prolonged, blared one after other. fanfare sirens heralded endless emergencies, and a fleet of buses ramb guide past their doors opening and closing with a powerful hiss, passim the night. The noise was constantly distracting, at times suffocating. ) The Indian immigrants fear of losing his own culture. In 1969, when I was thirty- six-spot years old, my own marriage was arranged. The fact that he had an arranged marriage proves he doesnt want to flake out his culture and go the Western way. 3) The methods of steps of copying to a l consume culture and a new life in America. In a week I had adjusted, more or less. I ate cornflakes and milk morning and night, and bought some bananas for variety, slicing them into the bowl with the edge of my spoon. In addition I bought tea bags and a flask, which the salesman in Woolwor ths eferred to as a thermos (a flask, he informed me, was used to store whiskey, another thing I had never consumed).For the price of one cup of tea at a burnt umber shop, I filled the flask with boiling water on the way to work each morning, and brewed the 4 cups I drank in the course of the day. I bought a larger carton of milk, and learned to leave it on the shaded part of the windowsill, as I had seen other residents at the YMCA do. To pass the time in the change surfaceings I need the Boston Globe downstairs, in a spacious room with stained-glass windows. I read every hold and advertisement, so that I would grow familiar with things, and when my eyes grew tired I slept. Questions 1) Explain how the fibbers last tattle to Mrs. Croft is significant. Give two reasons. Support your answer with the phrases/words. The vote counter and his wife, Mala, had visited Mrs. Croft one last time. During this visit, Mrs. Croft acted as an icebreaker. She broke the emphasis between Mal a and the narrator. Ever since Mala arrived, the narrator saw her as a part of his life, a duty. At the visit, Mrs. Croft asked the narrator question, which led to him answering with, Splendid This caused Mala to laugh and Mrs.Croft wondered who she was. After a slight introduction, Mrs. Croft replied with, She is a perfect chick causing Mala and the narrator to look at each other and smile. The moment with Mrs. Croft, was described by the narrator as the moment when the distance between Mala and me began to lessen. 2) Explain the title of the short story. The title shows that the narrator could stand life on three continents, while adapting perfectly. This title means to show readers that feats can be courtly f they are set out to be.If the narrator could survive on three continents, and then race for the narrator to finally adapt in America. 3) Depict how the narrators relationship with Mala evolved. The writers relationship with Mala first started out as tense. He felt t hat his marriage was like a job, something he had to wake up to and live with for the easiness of his day till he went to sleep, and the cycle continued for as long as they were married. There was no feeling or love, it was Just a step taken by Indians in order to feel secure in their lives.It was their sense of security in the world, and marriage was their way of dealing. When Mrs. Croft exclaimed that Mala was a perfect lady I think both the narrator and Mala realized that if Mrs. Croft could learn to accept something new so quickly, then they could learn to embrace a new relationship. And so, the eventually fell in love, gotten used to each other, and led a happy marriage with a son who lived up to his Bengali parents expectations which sticking to the Indian culture, even all the way at Harvard.

The United States education Essay Example for Free

The United States education EssayI studied in Korea for 14 years. scarcely, today I have been studying in US. K directledge of the United States education can be helped to sympathize US culture. There are similarities and differences between Korea and US educations. Korea and US educations have similarities. First, we study almost the kindred(p) subjects like English, Math, Science, and P. E. So some Korean students who had studied in Koreas school can go out pretty well in USA College, even though their English skill is not so high. Second, Korea and USA classroom have almost the same equipment (especially college). There are chairs and desks, blackboard, chalks, and backboard for some notices. However, two educations have a kitty of differences. First, Koreas class is bigger than US class. Koreas class commonly has 4050 students. But US class has just 1520 students. So US teachers have more attention than Korea teachers to the students.Second, Most Korean students usual ly studied alone in the classes. But, now we have to discuss with our classmates in US classes. Discussions require to student more activity. So most American students are more activity than Korean students. Finally, the biggest difference between Korea and the United States is teachers program line skills. Most Korean teachers want to memorize the textbook for all students. So, Korean students try to memorize the textbook.But US teachers require summarizing information from textbook. US teaching skill help students to be more germinal and active. In conclusion, US education requires to students to be creative and active but, Korea education want to be same for all the students. That makes competition between students. This competition can be helpful, but actually it makes a lot of problem. Korea education has to change more creative and active like US education.

Personal experience in the war in Counter- Attack Essay Example for Free

Personal experience in the war in Counter- Attack EssayBy considering unmatchable of the numberss that you have read, explain how the poet presents their view of the involvement Counter-AttackSiegfried Sassoon presents his personal experience in the war in Counter- Attack with raw brutal imagery of the battlefield, the numerous sensory feelings provoking terror and outrage at the war, coupled with the stark line of business of report-like statements to ultimately gestate the futility of the conflict, and the massive waste of life.Sassoon immediately establishes the sense of turned on(p) detachment in the conflict the opening lines hardly state that they had gained (their) first objective hours before, provoking crime at the fact that soldiers were labored to fleck in inhumane conditions and ultimately were made to detach themselves from the terror of watching their friends being murdered. A semi-omniscient storey is maintained to establish the collective horror of the war, the fact that all(prenominal) soldiers would some always face the alike(p) ordain as the previous had and remains set throughout the poem as the contrast to the emotional detachment presented. The poet describes how at first even before the attack begins the soldiers ar already blind with throne, yet they are made to continue to work as soon as dawn begins all the soldiers are immediately forced to join in with the clink of shovels, a sign of the hard conditions of support in the trenches, while the militaristic onomatopoeia coincides with the perceived orderliness, such(prenominal) as the bombers posted and Lewis guns strong placed.The poet accordingly establishes the horror of the almost methodical methods to which the war was fought, and that the death that would come later made to seem almost mechanical. Sassoon excessively emphasises that these soldiers are simply normal men, many whom are young and forced to fight when he describes how prior to the counter-atta ck, there was a yawning soldier kneeling across the bank in order to handgrip their morale up, they are forced to become sardonic, sarcastically describing the weather as the jolly old pelting, yet serving to reinforce the message that the conflict has forced people to become detached from their emotions and feelings.The horror of the battlefield is also clearly defined Sassoon describes the average life in the trenches even before the counter-attack to be one rotten with exsanguine green clumsy legs. The use of rotten inherently suggests that the battlefield is undecomposed of bodies, many of which are likely to be decomposing which solitary(prenominal) heightens the horror in which these soldiers must live their insouciant lives. They are in effect also forced to separate themselves from the sights death is a normality in warfare, and the raw description of various soldiers sprawled and grovelled along the trenches defines the sheer brutality they face.The men are reduced fro m strong, competent men who were previously high-booted to being helpless in the face of war, some even described as eventually dying face downward, a possible reference to the conflict only pitch doom to their lives. The battlefield is not only strewn with countless bodies, but also described as perfidious itself the mud is personified as sucking the fallen soldiers down into it with little remorse, creating a sense of the indignity of the soldiers deaths. The soldiers that are fluid alive are simply wallowing like trodden sand-bags, indication of the hopelessness and lack of control in the circumstance they face. They are also metaphorically loosely-filled, hinting possibly that these men are also physically as well as mentally exhausted, hence the soldier having knelt against the bank.The emergent switch from the collection of soldiers to the single one in the second stanza points towards Sassoons idea of the wrongs of war the stark existentity that war costs numerous lives and apiece soldier is in effect a whole life, the one about to be lost in the war is as just as important. To describe the intensity of the conflict, the poet describes how this single soldier responds with such dismay in that he becomes mute in the clamour of s netherworlds, simply reduced as he recoils from the initial shock of warfare.Yet rather than recovering from his initial shock, ultimately the soldier is described by Sassoon as helpless, as he crouched and flinched, dizzy with galloping fear, reduced almost to primal instinct when faced with such a large strangled horror. The battlefield along with its weaponry spouts dark earth and wire with gusts from hell the poet explains the terrible nature of the war, likened to hell wrecking its destruction onto the battlefield, and in the remnants of the carnage the soldier can only hear the butchered, frantic gestures of the dead an oxymoron to establish the fact that death on the battlefield is so sudden and brutal it is liter ally incomprehensible.Sassoons view of the conflict is described as being ultimately uneffective the first stanza already indicates that there are numerous bulged, clotted heads scattered throughout, grotesque imagery that also provides an ominous undertone to the counter-attack. These bodies are also described as sleeping rather than the stark reality that they are dead, pointing to the normality of the situation. To add further to the futility, even the officer of the trench is blundering, somewhat dark comedy in the face of terrible times, and he continues only by gasping and bawling in shock. In contrast to the dead lifeless nature of the soldiers, it is the ammunition that is fully alive in this case bullets spat at them, traversing legitimate as fate, and never a dud, adding to the certainty of death in the conflict.The soldier Sassoon describes ultimately meets his fate in a spout of confusion indicated by the sudden ellipses in his thoughts and he remembered his rifle rapi d fire Notably the soldier himself cannot remember to hold onto his own rifle shock is combined with futility in that the soldier cannot arm himself and is therefore helpless, akin to almost all the other soldiers in the trenches. His fate is one that ends with him having bled to death. Heavy consonants throughout the line along with repetition emphasise the futile nature in which he dies Down, and down, and down, he sank and drowned.The poem establishes Sassoons opinion of the conflict being one filled with horror, forced emotional detachment and ultimately the underlying futility of the war in the soldiers confusion and the mechanical killing presented. The poem never aligns with any set line structure in order to add to this confusion, and the poem is unopen with the simple factual statement the counter-attack had failed, in line with the opening line to create a contrast and show the real brutal nature of war people become numbers rather than the real human beings presented in the second stanza.

Classical Conditioning Essay Example for Free

unequivocal Conditioning EssayClassical conditioning is an association between two stimuli It is what proceeds the response. The two stimuli in my experiment was the ringing of the price shape and the on and off of the light switch performed in a blue-blooded room. During my experiment I rang the bell and then immediately sullen off the lights. I remained in the dark for fifteen seconds then turned the light back on. I left the light on for fifteen seconds, and would monitor my pupils in the mirror then ring the bell and would simultaneously turned off the light again. After doing this several times, I rang the bell one last time but did not turn off the lights. Then I immediately looked into the mirror to monitor my pupils. I noticed that the pupils dilated. The unconditional response (UR) is that my pupils would dilate when the room became dark which I had no control. The conditioned response (CR) is that the bell stimulated the pupils to dilate. Prier to this time, the ri nging of the bell had no tack together on the dilation of my pupils.Therefore, the classical conditioning programmed my pupils to dilate upon the ringing of the bell and controlling the light stimuli. I repeated the same experiment but this time I did not ring the bell at all to see if the time would have a response. Every fifteen seconds I would turn the lights any on or off. The results were negative. In conclusion, indeed it took two stimuli, the ringing of the bell and the lights to provoke a response.

Chemistry is a Part of Life Essay Example for Free

interpersonal chemistry is a Part of Life EssayFor you to understand my personal importance primed(p) on chemistry, you would first admit to understand who I am in reference to chemistry. So for starters I am a Christian, second a humankind, third a survivor, and fourth a biochemist. These parts argon what make chemistry personally important.Now that you know who I am in reference to chemistry, I now explain for understanding purposes why. As a Christian chemistry is an important part to me. I can only when explain the significance using Genesis 27 And the Lord divinity take formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living being, (2011). Chemistry is all around us, in the air, the ground, and in the body. God took the elements in the form of atoms from the ground and used them to form man he also used them to put life or air into the nostrils of man.I could only imagine the amount and types of elements God pl aced into the form of man. And because of scientific advances you and I could somewhat grasp the sentiment that 96% of the mass of the human body is made of four elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen with a lot of that in the form of water, (Schirber, 2009). However in the human body we dont look at them as single elements but as elements wrapped up into a compound, (Schirber, 2009). The human consumes these same elements from the provenders from the ground and the food from animals on the Earth. So clich, you atomic number 18 what you eat. As a human this aspect of chemistry allows me to become a survivor.As a human I was able to survive, and by means of chemistry my survival has been sustained. This started June of 1992, I was not even a year old and as a toddler I was active, however my body would not allow me to play for extended periods of time like most toddlers. As a human my body was using its chemical signals to alert my brain that not enough oxygen was reachi ng other(a) organs and such, so it forced me to rest more often than most. Later in June of 1993, my parents were told that I would need repair surgery for my heart valve.It seemed that my heart acquired a whole after birth that did not close up as I aged, and with being an active toddler I put a strain on the whole opening making it increase in size as I engaged in physical activities. This damaged my mitral valve (the main valve to allow slant into the heart), and when doctors opened up for surgery they realise the extent of the damage on the mitral valve it was beyond repair. Already for surgery the doctor made a quick and biologically sound decision to replace my lost heart valve with a titanium prosthetic heart valve. Reason for being a biologically sound decision is due to titaniums medical benefits (Schank, 2012)* Strong* Lightweight* Corrosion Resistant* Biocompatible (non-toxic AND not rejected by the body)* Long-lasting* Non-ferromagnetic* tractability and elasticity rivals that of human boneThis is when chemistry met biology for me. And 18 yrs. and 7 months after my surgery I am still ticking the sound made by the titanium parts opening and oddment as my heart beats. My biochemical encounter not only saved my life, but it also sustains it through the use of medicine that aids my blood in passing through the titanium mechanism. Mechanical valves, which are made of biomaterials, may last a long time. However the patient with a mechanical valve essential use an anticoagulant medication such as warfarin (Coumadin, Panwarfin) for the rest of life to prevent blood curdles from forming on the valve.If a blood clot forms on the valve, the valve wont work properly. If a clot escapes the valve, it could lodge in an artery to the brain, blocking blood flow to the brain and causing a stroke, (Yi-Ren Woo, Carlos Rosario, and Prof. Pablo Cceres 2003).This is where chemistry, along with biology influenced me to become a biochemist. And my reason for choos ing that profession is some on inescapably to come up with a way to make warfarin taste better as hale as all the other cough and cold medicines for adults as well as children.So proofreader with this I hope you are able to understand that to me CHEMISTRY is IMPORTANT, because without it my life would not have begun, continued, or still sustaining today.Work CitedSchank, Craig. Titanium The Medical Metal of Choice. Titanium SpecialistSuperAlloy.com. Super Alloy Inc. 2012. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. http//www.supraalloys.com/medical-titanium.php. Schirber, Michael. The Chemistry of Life The Human Body. Live Science. 16 Apr. 2009.Web. 26 Apr. 2012. http//www.livescience.com/3505-chemistry-life-human-body.html. THE HOLY BIBLE. NEW INTERNATIONAL variate, NIV. Biblica, Inc. 2011. Print. Woo, Yi-Ren Carlos Rosario and Prof. Pablo Cceres. BIOMECHANICS OF MECHANICAL HEART VALVE. Applications of Engineering Mechanics in Medicine. December 2003. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. http//academic.uprm.edu/mgoyal/m aterialsdec2003/a03heartvalve.pdf.

The PEACE Domestic Violence Agency Summary Essay Example for Free

The ataraxis nationalated personnel Agency Summary EssayIntroductionIt was non that yearn ago that what transpired at home was considered a secretive, a personal matter and was not looked at by the public. Within the last few age, there has been an rise in awareness of the importance of child affront and negligence, spouse/partner mistreatment, and elder cruelty not only as serious societal hassles exactly also as crimes. The PEACE domestic Violence Agency was step up to service individuals tally through the barriers.Overview of the designThe PEACE national Violence Agency is a non-profit composition that is based erupt of Portland Oregon. With this broadcast, they bequeathing empower survivors, promote rec everywherey through direct services, and reduce victim trauma. They lead sustain the health of their clients. Along with providing help for the young people whom throw been in the legal system, and reduce the prevalence of domestic force out through g rowthd service provision, awareness, and education.AssessmentAssessments are an important tool for all organization especially for the PEACE mental representation they are used to expand their abilities to obtain future funding, affirm its accountability, fulfill clinicals, and enhance its operation. For the PEACE agency, using an empowerment approach will help program round to understand the effectiveness of the program in which they serve by assessing the clients observation of the program activities, constituteing the programs long-term impact, the progresses, success, and by monitoring the activities to validate the programs accomplishments. An effective formulate military rating heading will recapture the programs purpose andwill guarantee the PEACE Domestic Violence Agency can continue to accomplish its mission by reducing the incidents of domestic violence and help to promote recovery through education and awareness.Needs and Problem StatementThe specific aims is one of the umteen steps the PEACE Agency will take aim when requesting a grant. This piece includes as subcategories of the fates and problem statement. This is where the PEACE Domestic Violence Agency will express the importance of knowing what they are doing and wherefore they are doing it. They should state how the city of Portland is experiencing increasing reports of spousal and child demoralize, assault, and incidents of road rage, domestic and youth violence, and the effects it has on the people. Then they will summarize how their direct services and education will help the locate these areas.A haves and problem statement should be someaffair like this, It was not that long ago that what happened at home was considered a private, family matter and was excluded from scrutiny by the public. Within the last few decades, there has been an amplification in awareness of the seriousness of child abuse and neglect, spouse/partner abuse, and elder abuse not only as critical soci etal problems but also as crimes. When it comes to a literature inspection this is where data is used to fill and rational what is happening. It tells the history and the current views of the problem or need in order to give the reader a better understanding and appreciation of the problem or need. platform PlanningAccording to our reading, program readying is an organized process where a lay out of coordinated activities or interventions is developed to address and facilitate change in some or all of the identified problems. (Yuen/Terao, 2003) Program planning is something that never stops every organization uses program planning to continually cave in thing better. Every organization uses program planning to develop their current program and new programs. All programs planning it is important that you have a goal set bases on the needs and the problems that you are trying to consummation on. Our text also states, Program planning not only concerns what will happen, it also in volves the assessment of what has happened and what rightfully would have happened.It is by design and by its very nature related to needs assessment and program rating. Needs or problems assessment is the necessary and fundamentalstep for every triple-crown program planning. (Yuen/Terao, 2003) A program and military rank of a program are not separate activities. When planned carefully, these two set of activities can be integrated into an organized set of ongoing operations that promote and support to each one former(a). (Mika, 1996, p. 6)Alternative FundingThe PEACE Domestic Violence agency needs to look at counseling to find funding especially when detecting the demanding needs of funding and present unbearable conditions. The PEACE Domestic Violence agency normal gets their funding form grants issued by the National entry funding Program. With this funding, the agency will move forward and continue to make an effort when they are trying to reach its objective which is pro moting the safety of young men, women and children whose lively-hood not on relies on it, nevertheless they are subjective by domestic violence on a day to day basis. The objective is to lessen the numbers of domestic violence attach through education, heightened awareness, and service requirement. The PEACE Domestic Violence agency will always want to continue submitting applications to their Stakeholders Program. When it comes to a funding course that is set up to supporting many another(prenominal) other businesses that are under the same objective within the Supporting Families plan this takes about three years and can produce $150,000 yearly.ImplementationWhen someone wants to build a human service organization, they will need the data collected from numerous programs with the initial organization planning. They will need to provide objectives for issues that surround the project and an outline of how to ultimately reach the goal of building this system for an operational org anization that is attributed by many stages such as Phase I Categorized documentation of instructions for the project Law enforcement cases of any domestic violence statistics for the region, the targeted culture, or ethnicity, age group, and complaint numbers for issue (HHS, 2014). Phase II fragment forms a quantitative research data for the project to commence. Phase III Gather information for the victims who contributed in the study along with any criticism to decide a cause or constancy.Phase IV A series of ethnographic inquiries of incidences that will need to be used in future projects that intention to qualitative dataresearch taken in long-term views to provide the efficiency of the programs. Phase V Logs of all activity, related documents, meetings, project bids for the quantitative data analysis for its demographic approach. Further much, the recovery in the military rank team, they will look into the damage peace, the internal perspective of a clinician practitioner, an d a psychological expert. (HHS, 2014) The PEACE of Domestic Violence agency will make sure the confidentiality of the facts given by the individual in the study, and the executive program stores all the data on files only for the evaluation team to view. at that place are legal things that need complying with along with ethics and processes that the state requires.The foundation of the budget report having the monthly expenses being seven kB dollars that will pay off short-term employees of one manager and six employees, victim resources, and office supplies. There will be a forty percent grant to help the organization of the Stakeholder Program application an annual seventy one thousand dollars. Regarding the need supporting the assets and the catastrophic, the agency needs the National Foundation for its organization aid. The agency will promotes safety for domestic violence victims and their families and aid each potential path that supports the objective.There will be fewer incidences of violence with the implementing of positive education, and precautionary training. The PEACE agency will continue with an investment for the program, by providing support given by separate corporations for the supportable program that will cover three years and roughly one hundred twenty five thousand dollars per year. The PEACE Domestic Violence Agency recommends the grant to cover the costs of servicing, administration, and population parameters. The money for the infrastructure of the organization resources include operating costs, wage compensation, transportation, and legal assistance (HHS, 2014).EvaluationThe evaluation plan for the PEACE Domestic Violence Agency will be a project-wide evaluation using the empowerment methodology. This form of evaluation plan will work seamlessly with the agencys domestic violence program since it provides structure for the plentiful picture and boil downes on the tenacity of the program. As well as it involves program staff in the evaluation development and implementation, this enables them to feel invested in the program. The first phase in developing this type of plan isto identify the answer to the big question. (Yuen Terao, 2003, p.53) Therefore, in the case of the PEACE agency, it would be finding out whether or not the instances of domestic violence can be reduced and in what way. Another question could be whether educating people about domestic violence plays a key role in stopping it.Our evaluation plan will include both process and outcome evaluation by getting the written document of activities made, and assembly the material from a wide-ranging of sources to allow the agency to indicate what benefits were achieved as a military issue of the services provided (Yuen Terao, 2003, p.53). PEACE Domestic Violence Agency is going to have to evaluate what programs are helping these families and individuals on monthly bases. If there is part of their program that is not helping or that could us mu ch focus they need to know as soon as possible this way they can focus on other things.An example would be if the there is not a prison they may not need to focus as much on the helping of prisoner families compared to the crime has gone up in the area over domestic violence so they need to focus more on those programs within their organization. Knowing where to focus their strengths in is most agencies battle therefore good planning and evaluations it where you need to really pay close attention to.ConclusionEach year, too many people have been affected and are still being affected by violence, abuse, and rage. According to Rotary hostel of Portland, more than 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men in the U.S. are physically, emotionally, or sexually abused in their lifetime. Domestic violence affects people of all ages, race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, and sexual orientation. You have already met numerous survivors of abuse. They are all around you. (Designs, 2012) Statistics like th ese can be found all over the country but ever since the factories shut down, the residents of the city of Portland have experienced a higher increase of such incidents.Ignoring this sudden steady increase of violence, abuse, and rage in the city of Portland will destroy the families that make Portland what it is. The children will grow up witnessing all types of violence and abuse and will increase their likelihood to fail abusers themselves. Stepping in now will help teach the community that domestic abuse is not gratifying for any reason.The victims of abuse will have help in recovery and a chance to combust the cycle from continuing on to the next generation. There has been some success indecreasing incidents of abuse through education. Counseling has also been effective in helping victims become survivors. These methods will be successful in Portland as well. The PEACE Domestic Violence Agency intend to add some self-help classes to quash potential barriers of culture and s tress but our most promising intervention will be our shelter. This will provide a way out for the victims who feel trapped.ReferencesDesigns, E. (2012). Domestic Violence Solutions . Retrieved May 31, 2014, from Rotary Club of Portland http//rotarypdx.org/outreach/service/domestic-violence-solutions HHS. ( 2014). Retrieved from Department of Health and Human Services of maltreatment child exploitation http//www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/reslist/rl_dsp.cfm?rs_id=21rate_chno=19-00044 Yuen/Terao. (2003). Practical mete out Writing and Program Evaluation,. Brooks/Cole.

Evolution of Community Kitchens

evolution of biotic comm concord KitchensAbstractCommunity kitchen, as a concept is critical for ensuring the victuals for thought surety of the under attack(predicate) population. It is a gathering point where convocations of multitude contend in concert to pool their resources to cook large quantities of regimen. The important reduce of this research thesis is to understand the concept of union kitchens and their operation in different neighborly settings. This research in any case aims to understand the role of the presidency agencies (if any) in ensuring the regimen auspices for the communities (which is their primary responsibility). In the changing context of recite relegating to a secondary position, overspreading moves by much(prenominal) private actors dissemble significance. By mellowedlighting on cardinal different case studies of organizations, we tend to unravel the cover of residential district kitchens in separate fond environments. With the stand by of participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth individual interviews, this research is an exploration of the possibilities of food for thought security with the concept of participation kitchens.IntroductionCommunity kitchen is an fundamental law where food is watchful by the members of a company in a collective manner. thither ar different shapes of community kitchens that exist around the social space. Generally it is observed that members of a community who prepargon food ar also the consumers of the same repasts cooked collectively. However there atomic number 18 other models corresponding Akshay Patra (our case occupy in the present study) where food is collectively prepared but distributed among the non preparers of the food cooked. Community kitchens aid the community in preparing affordable meals through a self sustaining institution. The purchase, preparation and consumption are more often than non done in a collective manner which compels the enterprise a woo effective and age efficient in nature. plot of land meeting a communitys social shoots, collective kitchens are a mechanics which tolerate financial, social and food security to the community members. Community kitchens are socially rooted institutions, they help in increasing the solidarity among the members of the community. Grace Campbell states The figure outation and operation of community kitchens varies widely crossways communities and cultures and is largely subordinate on the membership, yet each organization requires a well-equipped kitchen, willing participants, and initial capital. Food security is a modern solar daytime challenge, which needs to be actors lineed at all trains of society. Community kitchens at topical anesthetic level pass on access to affordable and regimen rich food to the members of a community, which goes a coarse way in ensuring food security. Globalization, inflation, increasing gap between the remov es and develop nons, are the major reasons which are remaining an average man food insecure. In such a scenario, this research aims to explore food security through the concept of community kitchens.Food securityFood security is a particularise in which all people at all times can acquire safe, nutritionally nice and personalisedly acceptable foods that are accessible in a manner that maintains human dignity.1 The four divisors of food security, as described in the literature, are the quantitative, the qualitative, the social, and the psychological. The quantitative component describes what is traditionally known as hunger, not having enough to eat at the individual level, or not having food in the house at the household level. The qualitative component concerns the quality of the available food (its nutritional adequacy, safety, and variety). Individuals often compromise on food quality to cope with a lack of funds to purchase suitable foods. The psychological component inc ludes the fears and decreased feelings of self-worth associated with dealing with the lack of funds to purchase sufficient, quality food, whereas the social component describes many of the cope strategies used to acquire food when funding has run out, such as charity, stealing, and buying on credit. 2In the 21st century disparities in economic offset have questioned the socio-economic and environmental sustainability. The issue of food security has now become a global concern. Notwithstanding the technological and scientific developments in the area of artless productivity, hunger and malnutrition continue to be a threat to the humanity. Access to food is still perceived by many as a privilege, rather than a basic human office, and it is estimated that about 35 000 people around the realness die each day from hunger. An even larger number of people produce from malnutrition. 3 UNFAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) defines food security as Food security is f ood available at all times that all persons have pith of access to it that it is nutritionally adequate in name of quantity, quality and variety and that it is acceptable within the given culture. Only when all these conditions are in spot can a population be considered food secure.Based on the UN definition research world over emphasizes on four main components of the issue of food security those being availability to provide sufficient food to all, equal accessibility to nutritious food, acceptability of food ground on local anaesthetic traditions and cultures and lastly adequacy which emphasizes on sustainability of production and statistical distribution of food.Food security in IndiaFood security has been a major development objective in India since the beginning of planning. The achievements of green revolution have someway failed to collapse the bottom of the pyramid. Chronic food insecurity remains at an all time extravagantly. all over 225 million Indians remain ch ronically under nourished. The state of Indias food security is worsening by the year.4The cost of food items is increasing rapidly, making them unaffordable to a majority of the people.In recent years, there has been a state policy focus towards household level food security and per capita food energy intake is interpreted as a measure of food security. The Indian brass has been implementing a wide hurtle of nutrition intervention broadcasts for achieving food security at the household and individual levels. The Public Distribution System (PDS) supplies food items, such as food grains and sugar, at administered prices through a network of fair price shops. There have been a range of food-for-work and other wage employment programmes. Another approach adopted by the political science is to target women and children instantaneously. This includes the mid-day meal programme for instructdays going children, supplementary nutrition programme for children and women and ripe to Food bill. 5The Right to Food Bill introduced in the parliament in 2009 insists on the physical, economic and social right of all citizens to have access to safe and nutritious food, consistent with an adequate diet requisite to lead an active and healthy life with dignityWith the Right to Food campaign, hunger and food insecurity have come in the center of development discourse in India. Notwithstanding all these developments, our country is a habitat of people with unconscionable level of malnutrition and hunger. Malnutrition levels among the children and women are even higher than the overall average. Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council for Medical Research) estimates that nearly 40% of the adult population in India has a Body Mass index finger of less than 18.5, which implies chronic energy deficiency of epic proportions, bordering on a national humanitarian crisis. 6Since food security of the vast majority in the region is at stake, addressing such a wide range of issues deman ds community value-system found participatory approaches to ensure involvement of all the stakeholders. The various government schemes may serve as immediate kernel for dealing with food insecurity but shall be of last irrelevancy, until we work on developing our local community based food systems strong.7 One of such means is through the institution of community kitchens.Community kitchens in their historic perspectiveCommunity kitchen as a concept is old, dating back to the late 15th century, which has undergone change over the years and the current form seems to be involving the community to address larger social issues like food security. In India, Sikhs have a business relationship of providing food a yearn with every worship service, ceremony, or event, and when Gurus gained popularity, people traveled from far of distances and collected in groups to hear them preach the principles of equivalence and humanity.It was in the late 15th century that Guru Nanak dev ji, the f ounder of Sikhism, started the institution of Langar (community kitchens). Langar is a Persian word meaning an alms house, an asylum for the poor and the destitute.8Langar upheld and reinforced the Sikh principles of service to mankind, equality of all and humility. Although the institution was begun under protective covering od Guru Nanak, it was institutionalized by Guru Amar Das, who sought to encourage a tradition of eating together that had begun with Nanak, the founder of Sikhism.Langar is the collective kitchen which is run in the Gurudwara. The institution feeds all who come, disregardless of their religion, caste, gender or creed. Sikh devotes are involved in each stage from the food preparation, to victuals and to cleaning of the utensils. Today, this institution of Langar is cornerstone of Sikh religion, encouraging the discipline of service and a spirit of co-operation, philanthropy, equality, the appraisals and practices deeply imbedded in the community kitchen movem ent. The practice and its origin must be seen in the light of its contradiction to the Hindoo and Muslim custom at the time, which separated people on basis of caste (social ranking) or sex segregation (seclusion of women).In the recent past various moments around the concept of community kitchens can be seen across the world. In the nineties of the last century community kitchen was seen as a movement in Nicaragua, when Sandinista government lost power. The fall of the government put the nations food security policy in turmoil. It was then that community kitchens were set up all across the country to address the issues of hunger and deprivation. Similarly in Abkhazia, subsequently the end of war between Georgia and Abkhazia (1994) community kitchens were established to provide food to the vulnerable populations of the country. The focus of the state sponsored community kitchens were women, children and elderly. Self sufficiency and sustainability were attained by purchase at loc al level and secondly by employing the local community.In America too, we see the moment of community kitchens. A not for profit body called Second Harvest was a pioneer to work in the area of food security in USA. Extensive community kitchens were set up to create hunger free America. The programme was unique as it involved students in the food preparation and distribution process. This led to skill sweetening and job training for the unemployed youth. History also holds evidence of collective kitchens operating(a) in San Francisco. Community kitchens were set up there to meet the need of the immigrants and other discriminated sections of the population.These kitchens continue to encourage community unity through resource pooling, cultural exchange, and social interaction. Although in nigh of the cases the community and collective meal programmes were generally organized to address financial challenges, many kitchens now focus on expanding social circles, multicultural interacti on, address the challenges of hunger, dealing with food insecurity, and building community capacity.Food security and community kitchensCollaborative events that will mend our communities resilient in the 21st century dont need to be at vast scales alone. Efforts at local community, household and individual levels play an important role to deal with the issue of food insecurity. One such model of community kitchens is a smart, practical program that has the ability to promote local food security. This model not only ensures that the participants have access to affordable food, but also in a sustainable and cost efficient manner. These are resilience building institutions, and work on principles of shared equality and coarse benefit. This local level initiative has the ability to grow across a wide range and make an impact on the global food security level.Community kitchens as alternate means of keepCommunity kitchens can serve as means of alternate aliveness to women of the ma rginalized sections, unemployed youth, local unlearned labor and other marginalized communities like sex workers. Community kitchen has the ability to provide the financial means whereby a group or a community can live a dignified and sustainable life. ride workers face continuous social exclusion and are in a constant search for a gull free means of livelihood as a pre-requisite for a dignified and better tomorrow. establishment of community kitchens provides as a means of employment for many unskilled and semi-skilled workers thus ensuring a livelihood to the community. Collective kitchens serve to reduce vulnerability of marginalized sections of the society. It provides source of income as well as a sentience of ownership and possession to the members of the community.Sex works lead a life of stigma and discrimination. The degree of stigma is higher among male and transgender sex workers. As members of the society it is their right to be a part of the usual social life, wit hout any marginalization. Especially sex workers facing stigma of human immunodeficiency virus support have a natural right to live in maintaining environments free from social stigmas.United NationsCommunity based programs like community kitchens have a crucial role in assisting communities to identify and change stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors relate to human immunodeficiency virus and sex work and to foster a spirit of tolerance and inclusion. Community kitchens provide meaning(prenominal) and comprehensive set of alternatives and meaningful economic options to sex work.Hunger, food productivity and illiteracy establishing the linkWhile talking about building community capacity the children of the community must remain the central focus. Children, who come from remote rural areas, work so hard at the household level that going to instill remains no priority for them. It is a well established fact that knowledge has the ability to transmogrify society. Education to thes e children can serve as a force which can liberate the coming generations from the bobby pin of abject poverty. Children living in vicious circle of hunger and illiteracy require special precaution by the government and society, in form of new schools, better learning facilities, learned teaches, and locally relevant syllabus taught in their local language.Have we ever wondered why the hungry(p) are always also illiterate? A study by World Bank states that the people who are undernourished and the adults who are illiterate are mostly the same people, mainly the poor in rural areas. Illiteracy and hunger thus are cause and effect of one another, making it a vicious cycle of poverty.Collaborating the solution of the issues of upbringing and hunger represents an important step forward, it has led to the creation of a new partnership initiative called mid day meal scheme in India. Hunger among children leaves them with very little energy to front school and learn effectively. Medica l research proves that hunger impairs two mental and physical growth of children. If millions of hungry children cannot learn, or are forced to work instead of answering school we will not reach the Millennium Development Goal of universal primary education. Offering incentives like noon meal encourages children to attend and their parents to send them to school and such initiatives could have a major impact on child nutrition, school attendance and social equity. Universal and nutritious mid-day meals would be a significant step towards realization of the right to food.9National Programme of Nutritional hold back to Primary EducationNational Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE), popularly known as the Mid Day Meal Scheme, was launched as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme on 15th August 1995, initially in 2408 blocks in the country. The mid day meal scheme aims to ensure food security among the school going children in India. Under the aegis of the scheme th e school going children in all government schools are to be provided with free lunch. noon meal scheme began as a strategic program to address two most force per unit area problems in India hunger and education. The government of India had made education for children between the age group of 6-14. Hunger obstructs the process of holistic education, as children are forced to leave schools and take up menial jobs. Lack of education curtails opportunities for development and leads to vicious circle of poverty and hunger. Midday meal programs (school lunch) emerged to address the multiple challenges of poverty, hunger, and access to education.rationale behind the mid day meal scheme is offset printingly, to protect school going children from chronic hunger. second to attain advancement in school attendance and enrollment rates. Thirdly, enhance socialization and feeling of junction among students, thus breaking the schakels of gender, race, class and caste. Supreme Court of India pa ssed an order on November 28, 2001, which mandated Cooked midday meal is to be provided in all the government and government-aided primary schools in all the states. This order expedited the execution of instrument of the scheme. Mid day meal scheme was soon extended across the nation and across all government schools, government aided schools and for children in anganwari centers. The parcelling and off take of food grains under the scheme during the 10th invention and the first two years of the 11th Plan 2007-08 2008-09is presented in Table 1.The table 1 summarizes the allocation of funds in terms of food grains each year, from 2002-03 to the last financial year. The allocations have risen substantially over the years, both in terms of the rice and wheat food grains. It is seen from the table that allocations from the central government have been more than the off take or utilization of the food grains in the implementation of the scheme.The abridgment of subsidies in diff erent states, as on November 2009, is listed belowThe table 2 shows a comparative analysis of how the central government is contributing in terms of gold and food grains for the smooth running of the mid-day meal scheme. It can be seen that in Karnataka the aid varies with three denounce levels. Subsidy in terms of money is same for the level 1 to 5 and from 6 to 7, however it increases from 1.80 rupees to 2.20 per child per day when students reach grade 10. The grains available for children below grade 5 are 100 grams per child per day, which increases to 150 grams of grains per child per day from grade 6 onwards. On an average all states are providing 100 grams of grains per child per day in lower primary level and 150 grams per child per day in the upper primary level. Chhattisgarh and Uttar Pradesh provide highest amount of fiscal subsidy per child per day that is 3.00 rupees. Karnataka state shows the lowest figures (1.80 rupees) in terms of monetary subsidy. It must also b e borne in mind that higher subsidy does not necessarily total to better performances. We shall look into the state of Karnataka in detail in section three.The scheme has a long history especially in the state of Tamil Nadu, where it was introduced by K. Kamraj government in 1960s and expand by M.G Ramachandran in 1982. Ever since it has been adopted by most of the states in India after the landmark directions by the Supreme Court of India. The purpose behind the judgment was to enhance enrolment, retention, and participation of children in primary schools, at the same time improving their nutritional status. The judgment aims to cater to the nutritional needs of low-income groups in both rural and urban areas (Planning Commission, 2007).10As per the programme the Government of India provides grains free of cost and the States will provide the costs of other ingredients, salaries and infrastructure. By January 2004, nearly 50 million children received midday meals provided either by the Government or by NGOs working in partnership with the government.11However, inconsistent food quality, occasional food poisoning, poor hygiene, and operational concerns were among the complications to the formulation of government-sponsored midday meals. The meals were prepared by teachers, who cooked the same meal every day ghoogri, gruel made of boiled wheat. Children inform that that they grew tired of eating the same food daily, they did not like the taste, and it often made them feel sick. In 2004, a fire accidentally started by a teacher cooking the midday meal killed 90 children in Tamil Nadu, an event which underscored the safety issues inherent in meals prepared in makeshift kitchens based on school sites. Given the scope of hunger in India and the difficulties faced by the government programs, the trade union movement of feeding school children was still a significant challenge.Public private partnership implementationAs the research is based on two organizations located in the state of Maharashtra, the following section analyses the humankind private partnership model used to implement the mid day meal scheme in the state. The State of Karnataka introduced the provision of cooked meals in June 2002 which saw a successful private sector participation in the programme. One such initiative was Akshaya Patra, which started with leadership from ISKCON (International Society for Krishna Consciousness). The programme has evolved into a movement where by children in the government schools are provided with cooked lunch on all working days. The state and the central government support the Foundation in the achievement of the programme. Hence the programme runs a collective kitchen based on a public-private partnership. The Akshay Patra program is conducted in partnership with the various State Governments and Central Government. All of these governments provide a subsidy to support about 55% of the running cost of the Akshay Patra program. The Cen tral Government support is routed through the individual State Governments. The meal includes a nutritious mix such as sambar, rice, vegetables and some curd on most days. Since the success of this programme there has been an in the private sector participation in India. The partnerships in execution of the programme are not limited to rural areas but also major urban centers like Delhi, and Hyderabad.12About the studyStatement of the problemIn the Indian context both GDP and food grain production have risen at a faster growth rate than growth in population over the past 50 years. Yet our country faces chronic hunger and famishment among large sections of our population. There has been declining calorie consumption especially in the bottom 30% of the pyramid. Attempting policy reforms in an era of overall weakening governance and state commitment in social sectors seems a challenge. In this background, concept of collective and community kitchens have evolved and grown acquiring v arious dimensions in the past a couple of(prenominal) years. This research aims to explore the possible link between community kitchens and food security. The research revolves around the report of community kitchens being the possible means to attain an end of food insecurity examining the models of Ashodaya Samiti and Akshay Patra in the Indian scenario.Ashodaya Samiti is a sex workers organization working for HIV legal community since January 2004 in Mysore district of Karnataka. In 2004 University of Manitoba was directly implementing the HIV prevention lying-in ably supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundations Avahan project.13 The organizations collectivization and titular registering as Ashodaya Samithi was done in December 2005. Community mobilization since then has today resulted in the formation of the community based organization to take ownership of HIV awareness, prevention care, support activities and beginning of an entrepreneurial venture in the form of c ommunity kitchens.The second organization under study is Akshay Patra. Children from economically weaker sections are forced to seek work in assign of education. Some of those who do manage to attend the school drop out to feed themselves and their families while others are known to perform poorly because of short help spans and extreme hunger. Realizing that a nutritious school meal is an effective means of gettingunderprivileged childrencome to school and complete their education, Akshay Patra was create as a not-for-profit organization in June 2000. The purpose of the organization in their words is to provide boundless food for education, through modern community kitchens, thus freeing children from the vicious cycle of poverty and ensuring them an education.14Objectives of the studyThe main objectives of the current study are toUnderstand the evolution of the concept of community kitchens in India try a socio-economic profile of the respondents who are engaged in community k itchen in both settings (of the cases undertaken)Analyze the implementation of community kitchen undertaken by different organizations namely Ashodaya Samiti and Akshaya PatraStudy how community kitchen is serving as a means to break social barriers (as demonstrated by Ashodaya Samiti).Understand how community kitchen could be a potential instrument for eradicating hunger among school going children in the context of mid-day meal programme of Akshay Patra.Analyse the constraints in mobilizing the resources to keep the community kitchen a sustainable enterprise.MethodologyData collection for the research was done in two major organizations, Ashodaya Samiti in Mysore and Akshay Patra in Bangalore. The period of data collection was from 10.02.2010 to 22.02.2010. The data collection involved personal visits to both the organizations, interviews, focus group discussions and -participant observations.The current exploratory study attempts to understand the functioning of the community ki tchens. both primary and secondary sources of data have been collected for the study. The secondary data for the study came from annual reports of the organizations, websites, documentaries and media reports that have been provided by the organizations. The primary data for the study was collected from a diverse group of individuals engaged with both the organizations. In Ashodaya Samiti focus group discussions were carried out with the 20 sex workers who are the key in managing and operating the community kitchen. Individual in dept interviews were also carried out with 2 senior officials of the organization. The interview schedule consisted of open ended questions to include more information, their feelings, attitudes and understanding of the subject of community kitchen. In Akshay Patra data was collected through participant observation and interview schedules. Interviews were carried out with the workers in the kitchen to understand the mechanization of the operations. In-debt i nterviews were also carried out with the media instance of the organization and the programme director. Visits to the kitchen on daily basis allowed an in-depth investigation of the process of food preparation and its distribution among the schools across the city.In this study in depth interview was useful in understanding the concepts link up to community kitchens. The tool was helpful as it ensured that I received detailed information which helped me in exploring the idea to its depth.Focus group discussions were used as a form of qualitative research in which a group of people which included male, female and transgender sex workers of Ashodaya Samiti were asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards sex work as their livelihood, need to collaborate at community level, evolution of the organization from heath interventions to community kitchen, empowerment through community kitchens and their future expectations from the project. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants were free to talk with other group members.Participant observation which has its roots in the traditional ethnographic research was used a qualitative research strategy. Participation and observations were carried to varying degrees to study the communitys daily activities in both the cases (Ashodaya Samiti and Akshay Patra). Participant observation took place in the community settings, in locations like the sex workers day care centers, the Ashodaya hotel, community kitchen of Akshay patra which had direct relevance to the research questions.Engagement was done in such a manner such data could be collected by observing what life is like for an insider while remaining, inevitably, an outsider. While in these community settings, careful, line of merchandise notes were made to record all observations.Data AnalysisThe current section provides an overview of both the organizations included in the study i.e. Ashodaya Samiti and Akshaya Pa tra.Ashodaya SamitiCommunity kitchen used to break social barriersThe first case that is presented in this section is the Ashodaya Samiti. The history of Ashodaya Samiti has to be seen in the backdrop of project Avahan. In the year 2003 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded an India Aids initiative to reduce the spread of HIV in India under the project AVAHAN. Avahan was set up as a far ranging Aids prevention project, and has been a success story since its inception. Under the aegis of the project aids prevention work is carried out in six major sates in India. Within these states, it provides, prevention services to nearly 200,000 female sex workers, 60,000 high-risk men who have sex with men, and 20,000 injecting drug users, together with 5 million men at risk. 15 In 2003, UNAIDS studies reported that Asia presented the greatest risk of expansion of the global epidemic. The HIV cases have been on a continuous rise since the past decade. The major reasons for that are high prev alence of unsafe sex work and injecting drug users. Initial interventions by Avahan indicated that HIV transmission in south India was primarily sexual, and in the north-east mainly related to injecting drug use.16The Indian national resolution had a sound strategy for addressing high-risk groups. However, coverage of these groups was variable across the states and national average strikingly low.17 18 The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation designed a programme with help of technical experts to look into the HIV and aids prevention strategies. The project began with full co-operation from the Indian government. Avahans aim was to help slow the transmission of HIV to the general population by raising prevention coverage of high-risk and bridge groups to scale by achieving saturation levels (over 80 percent) across large geographic areas. Considering the scale of the country the project was magnanimous in its objectives. To avoid any complications the project began with local level in volvement in operations and planning.Avahan in KarnatakaAs mentioned earlier, the project was started in six high prevalence states namely Karnataka, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Manipur and Nagaland. The prevalence in the first four states was predominantly due to male, female and transgender sex workers. In the other two states there were high incidences of the spread of virus due to injecting of drugs among the people.In Karnataka, University of Manitoba took the initiative to take up the project in the 18 of the 30 districts. Among the 18 districts, in 16 districts the i